Table 3 Factors associated with catastrophic health expenditure

Individual level

 Sex

  Male

1.00

  Female

0.86

0.53

1.39

 Age

  20–39

1.00

  40–49

0.52

0.19

1.46

  50–59

0.94

0.37

2.38

   ≥ 60

1.51

0.55

4.17

 Education level

  Above university

1.00

  Middle/high school

0.82

0.31

2.18

  Below elementary school

0.97

0.36

2.66

 Marital status

  Married

1.00

  Single

0.47

0.19

1.14

  Divorced or separated

0.54

0.29

1.01

 Severity of disability

  Low

1.00

  High

1.30

0.87

1.94

 Self-rated health

  Good

1.00

  Bad

1.85

1.07

3.22

 Chronic disease

  No

1.00

  Yes

1.95

1.44

2.75

Household level

  Medical-aid

  Yes

1.00

  No

2.09

1.20

3.65

  Equalized income

  Q4 (highest income)

1.00

  Q3

1.35

0.72

2.56

  Q2

1.16

0.57

2.36

  Q1 (lowest income)

1.41

0.74

2.68

 Disabled

  1

1.00

   ≥ 2

1.70

1.01

2.86

 Senior citizen

  0

1.00

   ≥ 1

1.59

0.96

2.62