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Table 6 Effect of insurance on poverty

From: Can health insurance protect against out-of-pocket and catastrophic expenditures and also support poverty reduction? Evidence from Ghana’s National Health Insurance Scheme

 

Naive model

2SRI

 

Coefficient

ME

Coefficient

ME

Insurance

−0.289***

−0.096

−0.225***

−0.075

 

(0.040)

 

(0.043)

 

Age

0.001

0.001

0.005***

0.002

 

(0.001)

 

(0.002)

 

Male

−0.200***

−0.069

−0.234***

−0.081

 

(0.041)

 

(0.042)

 

Household size

0.056***

0.019

0.058***

0.019

 

(0.008)

 

(0.008)

 

Rural locality

0.285***

0.101

0.290***

0.102

 

(0.041)

 

(0.041)

 

Year 2009

0.476***

0.161

0.436***

0.147

 

(0.034)

 

(0.035)

 

Good health status

−0.131

−0.046

−0.179*

−0.063

 

(0.078)

 

(0.079)

 

Use of out-patient services

0.019

0.006

0.114*

0.040

 

(0.047)

 

(0.052)

 

Use of in-patient services

0.406**

0.151

0.429**

0.160

 

(0.133)

 

(0.134)

 

Occupation: Farmer

−0.030

−0.101

−0.088

−0.029

 

(0.060)

 

(0.061)

 

 Government/Self employed

−0.264***

−0.089

−0.280***

−0.095

 

(0.060)

 

(0.060)

 

 Unemployed

0.322**

0.117

0.282**

0.102

 

(0.106)

 

(0.108)

 

Education: Primary

−0.241***

−0.079

−0.240***

−0.079

 

(0.052)

 

(0.052)

 

 Secondary

−0.356***

−0.119

−0.291***

−0.098

 

(0.046)

 

(0.049)

 

 Tertiary

−0.997***

−0.248

−0.811***

−0.216

 

(0.091)

 

(0.100)

 

Residual

  

−0.608***

−0.208

   

(0.136)

 

Constant

−0.408**

 

−0.363**

 
 

(0.126)

 

(0.127)

 

Observations

6,448

 

6,406

 
  1. Standard errors in parentheses ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01; *p < 0.05: ME- marginal effects 2SRI-2-Stage Residual Inclusion