Towards universal health coverage for reproductive health services in Ethiopia: two policy recommendations

Onarheim, Kristine Husøy; Taddesse, Mieraf; Norheim, Ole Frithjof; Abdullah, Muna; Miljeteig, Ingrid

doi:10.1186/s12939-015-0218-3

International Journal for Equity in Health

Table 1 Coverage of reproductive health services

From: Towards universal health coverage for reproductive health services in Ethiopia: two policy recommendations

	Family Planning^a		Antenatal care^b		Skilled attendance at birth^c
	Number of observations	Coverage %	Number of observations	Coverage %	Number of observations	Coverage %
Wealth
Least-poor	2190	48	1644	56	2172	55
Less-poor	1816	27	1227	22	1869	9
Middle	18613	19	1239	15	1863	4
Poorer	2022	17	1351	11	2111	4
Poorest	3478	7	2276	8	3620	3
Location
Urban	1907	46	1496	56	1985	59
Rural	9612	17	6241	14	9646	5
Education
No education	7788	15	5167	13	8124	6
Education	3431	36	2570	40	3507	32
Head of Household
Female headed household	2122	16	1557	25	2183	21
Male headed household	9097	23	6180	21	9448	13
Employment status
Not employed	7825	18	5296	19	8134	12
Employed	3383	29	2431	30	3480	20
Health insurance
No health insurance	11155	22	7679	22	11559	14
Health insurance	58	53	50	72	59	73
Age
15–19 years	514	18	416	17	514	14
20–24 years	2344	26	1594	24	2338	18
25–29 years	3506	22	2283	24	3632	17
30–34 years	2266	21	1501	22	2366	13
35–39 years	1692	21	1195	22	1788	10
>40 years	954	16	748	15	993	7
Birth order
First birth	2248	29	1471	35	2298	29
Second birth	1963	28	1331	30	2022	20
Third birth	1630	21	1078	19	1686	12
Fourth birth	1408	18	970	18	1458	10
Fifth or subsquent birth	3970	16	2287	14	4167	6
Reporting problem
Permission to go
Problem	3784	15	2477	12	3927	7
Not a problem	7433	25	5254	27	7695	18
Getting money
Problem	7826	18	5283	17	8095	10
Not a problem	3392	28	2449	32	3528	24
Distance to facility
Problem	8304	17	5552	15	8594	8
Not a problem	2912	35	2178	40	3027	32
Transportation
Problem	8697	18	5824	16	9002	9
Not a problem	2520	35	1907	41	2620	33
Going alone
Problem	7014	19	4733	18	7273	10
Not a problem	4202	26	2998	29	4348	22
No female provider
Problem	7178	18	4800	17	7435	10
Not a problem	4037	28	2931	30	4185	21
No provider
Problem	7557	19	5087	19	7821	11
Not a problem	3661	28	2645	29	3802	20
No drugs
Problem	7753	19	5237	19	8031	11
Not a problem	3465	28	2495	29	3592	21
Workload at home
Problem	7511	19	5030	17	7782	10
Not a problem	3701	27	2698	31	3835	23
Religion
Muslim	5211	14	3350	17	5435	11
Protestant	2180	22	1476	18	2233	10
Orthodox	3485	34	2680	31	3613	22
Other religion	338	11	227	11	345	6
Region
Tigray	1164	21	846	30	1202	11
Affar	1105	5	713	8	1128	5
Amhara	1226	30	959	12	1291	9
Oromiya	1694	23	1100	19	1759	9
Somali	953	3	559	8	1027	8
Benishangul-Gumuz	982	20	670	15	1015	8
SNNPR	1576	23	1051	17	1612	6
Gambela	834	18	605	23	847	17
Harari	626	31	439	34	659	32
Addis Ababa	383	68	344	87	399	85
Dire Dawa	676	22	451	36	692	35
Total	11219	22	7737	22	11631	14

^aFamily planning; women who said they did not want more children or that they would like to wait two more years before they have another child, and who are not currently pregnant
^bAntenatal Care: ≥ four antenatal visits during pregnancy
^cSkilled Birth Attendance: birth assistance by a doctor, nurse or midwife, health extension worker or other health professional among women who gave birth the last 5 years
Source: Central Statistical Agency & ICF International. 2012. Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey, 2011. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Central Statistical Agency and ICF International

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ISSN: 1475-9276

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