Determinants of out-of-pocket health expenditure on children: an analysis of the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort

Table 3 Marginal effect of independent variables on the expected expenditure conditional on positive values (N = 7308). The 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort. Pelotas, Brazil

	Marginal effect – Expected conditional expenditure
	Medicine	Medical care	Laboratory tests and x-rays	Private health insurance
Family income	0.1618^a	0.0702^b	−0.0164 +	0.0187 +
Maternal education (at child’s birth)	0.0399^a	0.0200^b	0.0071 +	0.0228^b
Number of hospital visits	0.1439^a	−0.0291 +	0.0094 +	0.0292 +
Number of people living in the household	−0.0590^a	−0.0320^b	−0.0107 +	−0.0001 +
Maternal age	0.0554^a	0.0085 +	−0.0539^b	0.0243 +
Squared maternal age	−0.0009^a	−0.0001 +	0.0009^b	−0.0004 +
Child’s weight	−0.0228^a	−0.0243^a	−0.0090 +	0.0079^a
Head of household – father	−0.0327 +	0.0714 +	0.1201 +	−0.0737 +
Head of household – mother	−0.1154^c	−0.0116 +	0.1252 +	0.0228 +
Private health insurance	0.2322^a	0.1206^b	0.1072^c	-
Healthy mother	−0.0856^b	−0.0706 +	−0.1122^c	−0.0542 +
Healthy child	−0.5785^a	−0.1393^c	−0.0329 +	−0.0206 +
Birth weight (standardized)	0.0309^c	−0.0064 +	−0.0116 +	0.0366 +

Total of 7308 observations; 2436 observations over the three follow-ups examined (2436 × 3)
Significance achieved with a z-test
^aIndicates significance at 1 %; ^bat 5 %; ^cat 10 %; and + indicates the variable is not significant even at 10 %

ISSN: 1475-9276