Gender-specific epidemiology of diabetes: a representative cross-sectional study

Table 4 Multivariate Odds Ratios for variables associated with diabetes among men and women

	MEN			WOMEN
Variable	OR	(95% CI OR)	p value	OR	(95% CI OR)	p value
Age group
18 to 39 years	1.00			1.00
40 to 59 years	5.28	(2.70 – 10.30)	<0.001	3.28	(2.01 – 5.35)	<0.001
60 years and over	14.58	(7.10 – 29.93)	<0.001	7.08	(4.17 – 12.01)	<0.001
Gross annual household income
Up to $20,000	1.00			1.00
$20,001–40,000	1.31	(0.81 – 2.12)	0.27	1.03	(0.72 – 1.46)	0.88
$40,001–60,000	0.73	(0.38 – 1.38)	0.33	0.65	(0.40 – 1.07)	0.09
More than $60,000	0.39	(0.19 – 0.84)	0.02	0.49	(0.29 – 0.85)	0.01
Family history of diabetes
No	1.00			1.00
Yes	3.66	(2.47 – 5.41)	<0.001	2.78	(2.10 – 3.70)	<0.001
Body Mass Index
Acceptable	1.00			1.00
Overweight	1.45	(0.80 – 2.64)	0.221	1.49	(0.95 – 2.33)	0.08
Obese	4.32	(2.39 – 7.83)	<0.001	3.34	(2.15 – 5.19)	<0.001
Smoking status
Non smoker	1.00
Ex-smoker	1.56	(1.01 – 2.42)	0.05
Current smoker	1.33	(0.77 – 2.31)	0.31
High total blood cholesterol (>5.5 mmol/L)
No	1.00
Yes	0.50	(0.33 – 0.76)	0.001
Alcohol risk
Non drinker, no risk				1.00
Low risk				0.47	(0.34 – 0.65)	<0.001
Intermediate to very high risk				0.93	(0.49 – 1.74)	0.81
Waist:hip ratio (>1.0 men, >0.85 women)
No				1.00
Yes				2.80	(1.81 – 4.31)	<0.001
High blood pressure (>140/90 mmHg)
No				1.00
Yes				2.50	(1.64 – 3.83)	<0.001
Cardiovascular disease
No				1.00
Yes				4.03	(0.00 – 32.0)	<0.001
Mental health disorder
No				1.00
Yes				1.99	(1.26 – 3.14)	0.003

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