Changes in smoking prevalence among first- and second-generation Turkish migrants in Germany – an analysis of the 2005 Microcensus

Table 3 Number of smokers and non-smokers (n) and smoking prevalence (%) (males)

	Age in years	1^st generation (total)		2^nd generation		native-born Germans		p-values¹	1^st generation by duration of residence
									0–15		16–31		≥ 32		p-values²
		n	%	n	%	n	%		n	%	n	%	n	%
High level of education
	18–24	38	42.1	141	27.7	10202	35.3	0.11	19	31.6	14	42.9	-	-	0.51
	25–44	418	51.2	192	44.8	31412	35.4	<0.01	184	53.3	140	50.7	51	47.1	0.72
	45–64	135	39.3	-*	-*	24871	28.5	0.02	6	50.0	56	41.1	58	41.4	0.91
	65+	20	20.0	0	0.0	10043	10.6	0.18	0	0.0	0	0.0	17	23.5	-
	total	611	47.0	335	37.6	76528	29.9	<0.01	209	51.2	210	47.6	126	41.3	0.21
Low level of education
	18–24	90	40.0	207	46.4	3807	60.4	<0.01	51	39.2	31	35.5	-	-	0.74
	25–44	1202	58.9	270	64.8	13516	50.9	<0.01	378	60.8	576	57.5	110	64.5	0.30
	45–64	667	44.4	12	41.7	22689	35.4	<0.01	39	46.2	154	50.0	393	43.8	0.42
	65+	192	24.0	-*	-*	23783	14.1	<0.01	-*	-*	15	26.7	149	20.8	0.15
	total	2151	50.5	493	56.2	63795	32.2	<0.01	471	57.3	776	54.5	652	42.0	<0.01

-* = number smaller than 5
¹p-values are the results of chi-square testing for differences between 1^st (total), 2^nd generation Turkish migrants, and native-born Germans
²p-values are the results of chi-square testing for differences between first-generation migrants with different durations of residence

ISSN: 1475-9276