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Table 2 Antenatal, postnatal and delivery care, by cluster socioeconomic quartile group, for women who gave birth in urban slum communities under surveillance, Mumbai 2005–6

From: Inequalities in maternity care and newborn outcomes: one-year surveillance of births in vulnerable slum communities in Mumbai

   

Quartile group

 
 

All

(%)

1st

(%)

2nd

(%)

3rd

(%)

4th

(%)

OR

(95% CI)

Least poor: poorest

(95% CI)

Antenatal care

              

Had any antenatal care

4828

(92)

1135

(87)

1177

(90)

1249

(95)

1267

(97)

1.65

(1.47–1.85)

4.60

(3.05–6.94)

3 or more visits n = 4828

4531

(86)

1011

(77)

1081

(83)

1197

(91)

1242

(95)

1.72

(1.57–1.89)

4.94

(3.54–6.89)

Site of most antenatal care in Mumbai n = 4521

              

   Public sector

2075

(46)

609

(57)

565

(51)

518

(45)

382

(32)

0.75

(0.70–0.79)

0.38

(0.30–0.47)

   Private sector

2447

(54)

453

(43)

540

(49)

643

(55)

811

(68)

    

Had ultrasonography

4227

(88)

876

(77)

1006

(85)

1136

(91)

1209

(95)

1.69

(1.53–1.86)

5.00

(3.51–7.14)

Had tetanus toxoid

4632

(96)

1079

(95)

1121

(95)

1193

(95)

1239

(98)

1.19

(1.02–1.38)

2.10

(1.25–3.53)

Took iron tablets

4251

(81)

959

(73)

1016

(78)

1104

(84)

1172

(89)

1.40

(1.30–1.51)

3.00

(2.31–3.90)

Postnatal care

              

Had a postnatal check

3438

(65.6)

740

(56.5)

819

(62.7)

894

(68.1)

985

(75.2)

1.26

(1.18–1.34)

2.13

(1.70–2.67)

   Site of postnatal check in Mumbai n = 3101

              

Public sector

1825

(59)

508

(76)

469

(63)

459

(57)

389

(44)

0.65

(0.60–0.70)

0.26

(0.20–0.34)

Private sector

1276

(41)

161

(24)

272

(37)

347

(43)

496

(56)

    

Delivery in Mumbai n = 4293

              

   Home

480

(11)

262

(24)

141

(13)

49

(5)

28

(3)

0.54

(0.48–0.62)

0.17

(0.10–0.27)

   Institutional

              

   Public sector

2335

(54)

606

(57)

619

(59)

626

(58)

484

(44)

0.66

(0.61–0.71)

0.27

(0.21–0.35)

   Private sector

1478

(34)

200

(19)

293

(28)

397

(37)

588

(53)

    

Caesarean section

565

(15)

100

(12)

117

(13)

152

(15)

196

(18)

1.18

(1.08–1.28)

1.58

(1.21–2.05)

Infant sex n = 5131

              

   Female

2406

(47)

601

(47)

683

(54)

667

(52)

688

(53)

    

   Male

2725

(53)

687

(53)

587

(46)

614

(48)

604

(47)

0.99

(0.94–1.04)

1.00

(0.85–1.16)

Low birth weight (<2500 g) n = 4343

1024

(24)

231

(26)

248

(24)

305

(26)

240

(19)

0.91

(0.85–0.97)

0.70

(0.57–0.87)

Infant had BCG immunization

4619

(90)

1054

(82)

1135

(89)

1204

(94)

1226

(95)

1.48

(1.33–1.64)

2.89

(2.02–4.14)

All

5238

(100)

1309

(100)

1308

(100)

1312

(100)

1309

(100)

    
  1. OR: odds ratio adjusted for clustering with random effects logistic regression, with socioeconomic quartile group as an ordered independent variable.
  2. Least poor:poorest: odds ratio adjusted for clustering with random effects logistic regression, with a binary variable representing the 1st and 4th socioeconomic quartiles as the independent variable.
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International Journal for Equity in Health

ISSN: 1475-9276

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