Literacy and healthcare-seeking among women with low educational attainment: analysis of cross-sectional data from the 2011 Nepal demographic and health survey

Table 6 Crude and adjusted relative odds of perceiving “not wanting to go alone” to be a problem in accessing healthcare

	Women with at most primary schooling (sample N = 7,020)				Women with no formal schooling (subsample N = 4,875)
	Crude		Adjusted^a		Crude		Adjusted^b
	OR (95% CI)	p ^c	OR (95% CI)	p ^c	OR (95% CI)	p ^c	OR (95% CI)	p ^c
Literacy		<0.001		0.103		0.159		0.769
Illiterate^d	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
Literate	0.74 (0.63-0.87)		0.85 (0.71-1.03)		0.84 (0.66-1.07)		0.96 (0.75-1.24)
Primary schooling		0.005		0.048
None^d	1.00		1.00
Incomplete	0.81 (0.67-0.97)		0.83 (0.68-1.01)
Complete	0.75 (0.61-0.91)		0.77 (0.62-0.96)
Women’s age (per year)
< 35	0.95 (0.94-0.96)	<0.001	0.95 (0.94-0.96)	<0.001	0.94 (0.93-0.96)	<0.001	0.95 (0.93-0.97)	<0.001
≥ 35	1.03 (1.01-1.04)	<0.001	1.03 (1.01-1.05)	<0.001	1.03 (1.01-1.05)	0.001	1.04 (1.02-1.05)	<0.001
Household wealth		<0.001		<0.001		<0.001		<0.001
Per quintile	0.76 (0.71-0.81)		0.81 (0.75-0.87)		0.78 (0.72-0.84)		0.81 (0.75-0.88)
(Lowest is ref)	0.76 (0.71-0.81)		0.81 (0.75-0.87)		0.78 (0.72-0.84)		0.81 (0.75-0.88)
Caste/ethnicity		0.114		0.711		0.680		0.958
Brahmin/Chhetri^d	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
Newar or Janajati	1.20 (0.96-1.49)		1.13 (0.91-1.39)		1.02 (0.78-1.34)		1.06 (0.82-1.37)
Dalit	1.36 (1.05-1.75)		1.04 (0.81-1.34)		1.18 (0.87-1.61)		1.02 (0.75-1.41)
Muslim or other	1.19 (0.85-1.67)		1.02 (0.74-1.40)		1.02 (0.69-1.50)		0.97 (0.68-1.41)
Geographic location		<0.001		0.080		<0.001		0.022
Urban^d	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
Rural	1.78 (1.43-2.22)		1.25 (0.97-1.60)		1.89 (1.48-2.40)		1.37 (1.05-1.79)
Partnered status		<0.001		0.226		0.001		0.100
Not partnered	1.00		1.00		1.00		1.00
Married/living with partner	0.67 (0.54-0.83)		0.87 (0.69-1.09)		0.65 (0.49-0.84)		0.78 (0.58-1.05)

^aThe constant from the multiple logistic regression was 0.749, and the p-value from the Archer and Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test for this model was 0.178.
^bThe constant from the multiple logistic regression was 0.760, and the p-value from the Archer and Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test for this model was 0.917.
^cLogistic regression p values are adjusted Wald p values.
^dDenotes reference group.

ISSN: 1475-9276