The financial protection effect of Ghana National Health Insurance Scheme: evidence from a study in two rural districts

Table 3 Summary Statistics of the Study Sample

Variables	NHIS nonmembers (N = 6,718)		NHIS members (N = 4,899)
	Mean	s.d.	Mean	s.d.
OOP health expenditure (old Cedi)	29,843	278,617	21,503	265,705
Had positive OOP expenditure	0.042	0.202	0.032	0.177
Health expenditure > = 10% non-food consumption expenditure per capita	0.026	0.158	0.015	0.120
Health expenditure > = 20% non-food consumption expenditure per capita	0.020	0.140	0.009	0.094
Health expenditure > = 10% income per capita	0.021	0.143	0.012	0.108
Health expenditure > = 5% income per capita	0.028	0.164	0.015	0.124
Chronic health condition	0.028	0.164	0.063	0.242
Bad health (self-assessed)	0.014	0.119	0.023	0.149
Male	0.485	0.500	0.444	0.497
Age	22.553	19.202	26.088	22.775
Ethnic Akan	0.672	0.470	0.815	0.389
One hh member in solidarity scheme	0.098	0.297	0.147	0.354
Female-headed household	0.299	0.458	0.347	0.476
Hh head has no education	0.364	0.481	0.291	0.454
Hh head education: primary	0.563	0.496	0.579	0.494
Hh head education: > = secondary	0.073	0.260	0.130	0.337
Hh head not working	0.093	0.290	0.091	0.288
Hh head is farmer/fisherman	0.710	0.454	0.644	0.479
Hh head is government worker	0.039	0.193	0.066	0.248
Hh head is artisan	0.134	0.340	0.171	0.377
Hh head is trader	0.024	0.154	0.028	0.165
Quintile 1 (poorest)	0.275	0.446	0.115	0.319
Quintile 2	0.223	0.416	0.174	0.379
Quintile 3	0.171	0.377	0.210	0.407
Quintile 4	0.184	0.387	0.213	0.409
Quintile 5	0.147	0.354	0.289	0.453
Household size	6.317	3.066	5.932	2.791
Urban	0.116	0.320	0.130	0.336

Note: The statistics are adjusted for sampling weight.
Hh=household
Cedi is old Ghana Cedi, 2007 current value; exchange rate: 1 USD = 9,302 Cedi (2007)

ISSN: 1475-9276