Table 5 RIF decomposition of Erreygers’ concentration indices for inequality in utilization of health services between urban and rural areas
From: Rural–urban inequalities in health care utilization in Bhutan: a decomposition analysis
Used outpatient care in case of ill health or injury in the past month 1 = yes 0 = no | Type of outpatient care used when experienced ill health or injury in the past month 1 = primary health care 0 = outpatient hospital care | Used inpatient hospital care in the past year 1 = yes 0 = no | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aggregate decomposition | Coefficient (SE) | Coefficient (SE) | Coefficient (SE) | |||||||||
group_1 Urban | -0.0006 (0.0096) | -0.0351*** (0.0076) | -0.0012 (0.0012) | |||||||||
group_2 Rural | 0.0011 (0.0093) | -0.1002*** (0.0111) | 0.0012 (0.0013) | |||||||||
Difference | -0.0017 (0.0145) | 0.0652*** (0.0140) | -0.0024 (0.0018) | |||||||||
Endowment effect | 0.0342* (0.0174) | -0.0436** (0.0172) | -0.0031 (0.0019) | |||||||||
Coefficient effect | -0.0358 (0.0219) | 0.1088*** (0.0215) | 0.0007 (0.0028) | |||||||||
Detailed decomposition | Endowment effect | SE | Coefficient effect | SE | Endowment effect | SE | Coefficient effect | SE | Endowment effect | SE | Coefficient effect | SE |
Female | -0.0001 | 0.0005 | -0.0008 | 0.0175 | 0.0005 | 0.0007 | 0.0037 | 0.0168 | 0.00001 | 0.00002 | -0.0012 | 0.0019 |
Age 31–60 years | -0.0013 | 0.0025 | 0.0083 | 0.0183 | -0.0023 | 0.0036 | -0.0038 | 0.0157 | 0.0002** | 0.0001 | 0.0004 | 0.0019 |
Age above 60 years | -0.0074 | 0.0052 | 0.0003 | 0.0061 | 0.0017 | 0.0052 | 0.0055 | 0.0056 | 0.0007 | 0.0004 | -0.0001 | 0.0006 |
With disability | 0.0014 | 0.0026 | 0.0029 | 0.0077 | 0.0001 | 0.0028 | -0.0011 | 0.0062 | 0.0004 | 0.0002 | 0.0015* | 0.0008 |
Quintile 2 | 0.0011 | 0.0036 | 0.0082 | 0.0082 | -0.0127** | 0.0052 | -0.0151* | 0.0086 | 0.0012** | 0.0005 | 0.0024* | 0.0013 |
Quintile 3 | -0.0003 | 0.0015 | 0.0049 | 0.0134 | -0.0048** | 0.0020 | -0.0154 | 0.0130 | 0.0004** | 0.0002 | 0.0033 | 0.0023 |
Quintile 4 | 0.0009 | 0.0031 | 0.0188 | 0.0235 | 0.0032 | 0.0039 | -0.0147 | 0.0227 | -0.0007* | 0.0004 | 0.0068* | 0.0036 |
Quintile 5 | 0.0098 | 0.0144 | 0.0188 | 0.0424 | -0.0151 | 0.0138 | 0.0062 | 0.0349 | -0.0021 | 0.0018 | 0.0117** | 0.0055 |
Education: Pry/Sec/Voc | -0.0037 | 0.0039 | -0.0048 | 0.0138 | -0.0026 | 0.0048 | -0.0070 | 0.0159 | 0.0003 | 0.0005 | -0.0018 | 0.0028 |
Education: Bachelors and higher | 0.0026 | 0.0034 | -0.0060 | 0.0049 | 0.0047 | 0.0049 | -0.0097 | 0.0067 | -0.0010** | 0.0005 | 0.0009 | 0.0008 |
Married/together | 0.0040* | 0.0035 | -0.0107 | 0.0252 | -0.0140** | 0.0058 | -0.0719** | 0.0233 | -0.0002 | 0.0001 | -0.0037 | 0.0028 |
Divorced/separated | 0.0049 | 0.0025 | -0.0004 | 0.0046 | -0.0010 | 0.0030 | -0.0049 | 0.0040 | -0.0003 | 0.0002 | 0.0002 | 0.0005 |
Unemployed | -0.0010 | 0.0022 | -0.0021 | 0.0121 | 0.0050** | 0.0023 | -0.0240** | 0.0121 | 0.0001 | 0.0003 | 0.0005 | 0.0019 |
Not in employment age | -0.0010 | 0.0047 | 0.0039 | 0.0162 | 0.0126* | 0.0067 | -0.0506** | 0.0200 | -0.0001 | 0.0001 | -0.0006 | 0.0017 |
Central region | 0.0265** | 0.0063 | 0.0259 | 0.0060 | -0.0152** | 0.0067 | -0.0046 | 0.0046 | -0.0009 | 0.0006 | 0.0007 | 0.0009 |
Eastern region | -0.0038 | 0.0052 | 0.0062 | 0.0043 | -0.0014 | 0.0069 | -0.0082* | 0.0047 | -0.0008 | 0.0006 | 0.0005 | 0.0007 |
Health facilities beyond 1 h distance | -0.0019 | 0.0050 | 0.0007 | 0.0007 | -0.0053 | 0.0049 | -0.0005 | 0.0010 | 0.0000 | 0.0006 | -0.0002 | 0.0002 |
Household size of 4–5 members | 0.0042 | 0.0026 | -0.0121 | 0.0163 | -0.0046 | 0.0031 | 0.0189 | 0.0179 | 0.0010*** | 0.0004 | -0.0056** | 0.0024 |
Household size of 6 members and above | -0.0007 | 0.0033 | 0.0023 | 0.0096 | 0.0077** | 0.0034 | 0.0212*** | 0.0081 | -0.0013** | 0.0005 | -0.0039*** | 0.0013 |
Constant | -0.1004 | 0.0996 | 0.2848*** | 0.1002 | -0.0112 | 0.0143 | ||||||