Fig. 1

Timeline of Community Health Worker cadres in Nepal, and major Female Community Health Volunteer programs. Abbreviations: AHWs, Auxiliary health workers. ANMs, Auxiliary nurse midwives. PHV, Panchayat Health Volunteers. Footnotes: ^aAlso called Village Health Leaders (VHLs). ^b These include programs that were implemented nationwide or in a large number of districts. While other major FCHV health programs exist, they did not arise as strong themes in our materials and are hence not reviewed here. ^c 2011: VHWs with several years of experience ‘upgraded’ to facility-based AHWs, experienced MCWHs upgraded to facility-based ANMs. ^d The CB-IMCI program was integrated with the CB-NCP program into the Community-Based Integrated Management of Newborn and Childhood Illnesses (CB‐IMNCI) program in 2015. Sources: [19, 32, 37,38,39,40]