Table 2 WASH access variables among 586 PWID in Tijuana-San Diego metropolitan area in 2020–2021

Drinking water

Hygiene

 Basic drinking water + availability (%)^c

331

56.5

Basic hand hygiene + improved water source + soap availability (%)^c

172

29.4

 Basic drinking water (%)^a*

524

89.4

 Basic hand hygiene (%)^a*

220

37.5

  Improved water source for drinking (%)

542

92.5

  Handwashing with water and soap availability (%)^c

220

37.5

  Drinking water collection time ≤30 min (%)

567

96.8

 Improved water source for handwashing (%)

544

92.8

   Time collecting drinking water (min)^b

585

4 (1, 10)

 Water source for handwashing availability (%)^c

316

53.9

 Drinking water availability (%)^c

374

63.8

 Soap availability (%)^c

237

40.4

Glasses of water per day (number)^b

586

4 (2, 6)

Soap availability change since COVID-19 pandemic^d

Drinking ≥8 glasses of water/day (%)

105

17.9

 No, it is the same (%)

399

68.1

Water availability change since COVID-19 pandemic^d

 Yes, it got worse (%)

141

24.1

 No, it is the same (%)

451

77

 Yes, it improved (%)

46

7.8

 Yes, it got worse (%)

108

18.4

Alcohol -based hand rub availability

 Yes, it improved (%)

27

4.6

 Always (%)

157

26.8

Spent on water sources per month (USD)^b

446

5 (2.5, 10)

 Usually (%)

136

23.2

Main beverage when thirsty

 Sometimes (%)

128

21.8

 Regular water (%)

285

48.6

 Rarely (%)

91

15.5

 Soda (%)

207

35.3

 Never (%)

74

12.6

 Sweetened beverages (%)

46

7.8

Handwashing after a bowel movement

 Other beverages (%)

27

4.6

 Always (%)

240

41

 Alcohol beverages (%)

21

3.6

 Usually (%)

158

27

Thirsty without water

 Sometimes (%)

111

18.9

 Multiple times per day (%)

71

12.1

 Rarely (%)

60

10.2

 Daily (%)

46

7.8

 Never (%)

17

2.9

 Multiple times per week (%)

149

25.4

Handwashing before eating

 Once (%)

104

17.7

 Always (%)

193

32.9

 Never (%)

216

36.9

 Usually (%)

167

28.5

Sanitation

148

25.3

 Sometimes (%)

134

22.9

Basic sanitation + availability (%)^c

148

25.3

 Rarely (%)

71

12.1

 Basic sanitation (%)^a*

167

28.5

 Never (%)

21

3.6

  Improved toilet facilities access (%)

456

77.8

Handwashing before preparing food

  Non-shared toilet facilities (%)

378

64.5

 Always (%)

212

36.2

 Toilet facility availability (%)^c

351

59.9

 Usually (%)

148

25.3

Expending ≤15 min to sanitation facility (%)

462

79.5

 Sometimes (%)

117

20

Time to saniation facility (min)^b

581

2 (0, 5)

 Rarely (%)

64

10.9

Open defecation (%)

225

38.4

 Never (%)

42

7.2

 Times of open defecation per week^b

225

5 (2, 7)

Bathing

Toilet functionality (%)^c

341

62.1

 Bathing accessibility (%)*

267

45.6

Toilet privacy (%)^c

286

50.4

  Improved water source for bathing (%)

553

94.4

Experiencing violence/harassment using the toilet (%)

79

13.5

  More than four bathes per week (%)

269

45.9

Spent on sanitation per month (USD)^b

329

4 (1.5, 10)

 Bathes per week (number)^b

586

4 (2, 7)

Spent on WASH per month (USD)^b

279

22.5 (10.5, 50)

Improved water source for cleaning wounds/abscesses (%)*

539

92

Improved water source for preparing drugs for injection (%)*

551

94

Spent on hygiene per month (USD)^b

466

10 (5, 20)