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Table 1 Level and change in maternal mortality ratio in LAC, 1990–2021

From: Human resources for health and maternal mortality in Latin America and the Caribbean over the last three decades: a systemic-perspective reflections

Country

Maternal mortality ratio

Relative change, %

Average annual growth rate (1990–2021), %

1990

2015

2019

2021

1990–2015

1990–2019

1990–2021

Haiti

467.9

494.1

452.2

434.1

5.6

-3.4

-7.2

-0.2

Bolivia

345.6

208.1

208.2

217.0

-39.8

-39.8

-37.2

-1.4

Guatemala

260.2

173.5

182.9

168.8

-33.3

-29.7

-35.1

-1.3

Honduras

238.0

114.3

109.5

115.6

-52.0

-54.0

-51.4

-2.2

Peru

203.8

83.5

112.1

100.3

-59.0

-45.0

-50.8

-2.2

El Salvador

187.8

52.3

45.0

47.1

-72.1

-76.1

-74.9

-4.2

Brazil

141.7

60.4

59.6

68.2

-57.4

-57.9

-51.9

-2.3

Ecuador

135.8

76.1

96.4

88.4

-44.0

-29.0

-34.9

-1.3

Paraguay

111.5

94.3

108.5

104.2

-15.4

-2.7

-6.5

-0.2

Suriname

97.7

139.6

143.0

141.2

42.8

46.3

44.4

1.2

Colombia

95.3

93.4

77.6

76.6

-2.0

-18.6

-19.6

-0.7

Dominican Republic

90.7

121.3

126.1

96.3

33.7

39.0

6.1

0.2

Guyana

82.2

160.4

156.2

161.7

95.2

90.1

96.8

2.1

Nicaragua

77.0

57.1

53.5

49.4

-25.8

-30.4

-35.8

-1.4

Mexico

74.6

43.7

47.8

53.0

-41.4

-35.9

-28.9

-1.1

Venezuela

72.3

81.6

114.2

129.7

12.8

58.0

79.4

1.8

Panama

72.1

72.1

68.3

71.7

0.1

-5.2

-0.5

0.0

Argentina

65.4

50.6

57.1

55.1

-22.6

-12.7

-15.8

-0.5

Trinidad and Tobago

59.0

87.0

91.1

95.5

47.4

54.4

61.8

1.5

Cuba

55.2

51.5

53.5

55.6

-6.6

-3.1

0.8

0.0

Bahamas

53.0

103.9

106.7

115.7

96.0

101.2

118.3

2.5

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

48.2

90.3

92.9

102.4

87.2

92.6

112.3

2.4

Barbados

46.9

67.3

65.0

57.8

43.6

38.7

23.2

0.7

Saint Lucia

46.9

90.6

91.5

96.3

93.2

95.3

105.4

2.3

Chile

43.9

26.0

28.4

27.6

-40.8

-35.3

-37.2

-1.4

Grenada

37.4

71.8

76.9

76.5

91.8

105.5

104.3

2.3

Dominica

33.5

87.6

86.7

87.0

161.2

158.4

159.5

3.0

Jamaica

32.0

73.7

77.3

78.9

130.8

141.9

146.9

2.9

Belize

31.9

94.0

97.3

79.9

194.2

204.7

150.2

2.9

Uruguay

31.3

29.2

31.5

32.3

-6.5

0.9

3.3

0.1

Antigua and Barbuda

30.6

44.8

53.2

54.3

46.3

73.8

77.6

1.8

Costa Rica

30.0

27.4

26.3

29.2

-8.7

-12.3

-2.9

-0.1

Latin America and Caribbean

132.9

87.2

91.8

94.7

-34.4

-30.9

-28.7

-1.1

Regional gap [((Max/Min)-1)x100]

1,457.6

1,797.7

1,616.4

1,473.7

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  1. Elaborated by the authors using data from the Global Burden of Disease project (retrieved from: https://vizhub.healthdata.org/sdg/#0)