Are institutional deliveries equitable in the southern states of India? A benefit incidence analysis

Table 2 Utilization rate, out-of-pocket payment (OOP in INR), and benefit incidence on institutional delivery by wealth quintile and level of care in South India, 2019-21

Type of Public health centre	Wealth quintile	Number people utilizing public health service (1)	Utilization rate (2)	Median OOP in public health service (3)	Median cost of service in private health centre (4)	Net subsidy at public health centre (5 = 4 − 3)	Individual subsidy (6 = 5*2)	Benefit incidence (%) (7)	N
Primary: Sub-centres/PHC/ UHC/Others^a	Poorest	925	0.3269	2000	30,000	28,000	9152	32.78	3622
	Poorer	706	0.2495	2000	30,000	28,000	6985	25.02	3,188
	Middle	554	0.1958	2000	30,000	28,000	5481	19.63	2,737
	Richer	427	0.1509	2000	30,000	28,000	4225	15.13	2,304
	Richest	218	0.0770	3000	30,000	27,000	2080	7.45	1,437
	Total	2,830					27,923		13,288
Secondary: Government/Municipal /Rural Hospital	Poorest	2697	0.2579	3000	30,000	27,000	6963	25.79	3622
	Poorer	2,482	0.2373	3000	30,000	27,000	6408	23.73	3,188
	Middle	2,183	0.2087	3000	30,000	27,000	5636	20.87	2,737
	Richer	1,877	0.1795	3000	30,000	27,000	4846	17.95	2,304
	Richest	1,219	0.1166	3000	30,000	27,000	3147	11.66	1,437
	Total	10,458					27,000		13,288
Any public health facility	Poorest	3622	0.2726	2600	30,000	27,400	7469	27.55	3857
	Poorer	3,188	0.2399	3000	30,000	27,000	6478	23.90	4141
	Middle	2,737	0.2060	3000	30,000	27,000	5561	20.51	4275
	Richer	2,304	0.1734	3000	30,000	27,000	4682	17.27	4678
	Richest	1,437	0.1081	3000	30,000	27,000	2920	10.77	5453
	Total	13,288					27,109		22,403

ISSN: 1475-9276