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Table 1 Characteristics of survey participants

From: Social inequalities in early childhood language development during the COVID-19 pandemic: a descriptive study with data from three consecutive school entry surveys in Germany

  

Year of survey

  

2018/2019

Pre-pandemic

2019/2020

Pandemic start

2020/2021

Pandemic

N

 

23,997

24,850

24,788

  

N

%

N

%

N

%

Sex

Girls

11,322

47.2

11,867

47.7

11,758

47.4

Boys

12,675

52.8

12,983

52.3

13,030

52.6

Age 

≤ 6.0 years

15,077

62.9

15,049

60.6

13,729

55.4

< 7.0 years

8,689

36.2

9,550

38.4

10,753

43.4

> 7.0 years

231

0.96

251

1.0

306

1.2

SEP index

High

9,853

41.1

10,802

43.5

10,966

44.3

Middle

9,473

39.4

9,277

37.3

8,756

35.3

Low

2,050

8.5

1,930

7.7

1,766

7.1

Missing information

2,621

10.9

2,841

11.4

3,300

13.3

Native language

German

21,308

88.8

22,055

88.7

21,542

86.9

Other (mb)

1,236

5.2

1,338

5.4

1,559

6.3

Bilingual

884

3.7

770

3.1

896

3.6

Missing information

569

2.4

687

2.8

791

3.2

Kindergarten 

< 4 years

n.a

n.a

4,789

19.3

2,362

9.5

 > 4 years

n.a

n.a

17,285

69.6

19,927

80.4

Missing information

n.a

n.a

2,776

11.2

2,499

10.1

  1. n.a. not available (In 2018/2019, the ‘kindergarten’ variable was operationalised differently than in 2019/2020 and 2020/2021.); mb migration background, SEP socioeconomic position