Is intimate partner violence vertically transmitted among women in sub-Saharan Africa? Evidence from demographic health surveys between 2010 and 2019

Alawode, Oluwatobi Abel; Bolarinwa, Obasanjo Afolabi; Hajjar, Julia Marie; Chukwudeh, Stephen Okechukwu; Yaya, Sanni

doi:10.1186/s12939-023-02074-3

International Journal for Equity in Health

Table 2 Descriptive Characteristics of study respondents and distribution of lifetime experience of intimate partner violence by Intergenerational Transfer of Intimate Partner Violence and other selected Characteristics

From: Is intimate partner violence vertically transmitted among women in sub-Saharan Africa? Evidence from demographic health surveys between 2010 and 2019

	n = 97,542	Lifetime experience of Intimate Partner Violence
Variables	Freq. [%]	No[%]	Yes [%]	P-Value
Intergenerational Transfer of Intimate Partner Violence (Mother also experienced intimate partner violence)				< 0.001
No	71,165 [72.9]	47,533 [67.2]	23,175 [32.8]
Yes	26,377 [27.0]	11,524 [43.5]	14,963 [56.5]
Age				< 0.001
15–24	23,751 [24.4]	15,248 [63.7]	8,673 [36.3]
25–34	41,688 [42.7]	24,334 [59.5]	16,564 [40.5]
35+	32,101 [32.9]	19,475 [60.2]	12,901 [39.9]
Age at marriage				< 0.001
< 18	42,418 [43.5]	275,194 [58.9]	17,612 [41.4]
18+	55,124 [56.5]	33,863 [62.3]	20,526 [38.7]
Highest Level of Education				< 0.001
No Education	30,700 [31.5]	16,655 [62.4]	11,844 [37.6]
Primary	37,714 [38.7]	21,609 [57.4]	16,031 [42.6]
Secondary	24,988 [25.6]	15,064 [61.2]	9,296 [38.2]
Higher	4,139 [4.2]	2,729 [73.8]	967 [26.2]
Partner’s Highest Level of Education				< 0.001
No Education	24,393 [25.0]	16,172 [64.3]	8,980 [35.7]
Primary	34,385 [35.3]	19,259 [57.0]	14,535 [43.0]
Secondary	31,006 [31.8]	18,457 [59.7]	12,437 [40.3]
Higher	7,757 [7.9]	5,169 [70.3]	2,186 [29.7]
Type of Place of Residence				< 0.001
Urban	32,797 [33.6]	19,633 [62.6]	11,736 [37.4]
Rural	6964,774 [66.4]	39,424 [59.9]	26,402 [40.1]
Parity				< 0.001
0	6,020 [6.2]	4,445 [74.2]	1,550 [25.9]
1–4	60,890 [62.4]	36,771 [61.4]	23,144 [38.6]
5+	30,631 [31.4]	17,841 [57.0]	13,444 [43.0]
Type of Marriage				< 0.001
Monogamy	80,841 [82.9]	49,657 [62.1]	30,366 [37.9]
Polygamy	16,701 [17.1]	9,400 [54.7]	7,772 [45.3]
Work Status				< 0.001
Not working	26,334 [27.0]	18,581 [68.5]	8,535 [1.5]
Working	71,207 [73.0]	40,476 [57.8]	29,603 [42.2]
Level of Mass Media Exposure				< 0.001
No Exposure	33,363 [34.2]	21,484 [61.7]	13,342 [38.3]
Low Exposure	43,102 [44.2]	25,133 [58.7]	17,661 [41.3]
High Exposure	21,076 [21.6]	12,440 [63.6]	7,135 [36.5]
Household Wealth Index				< 0.001
Poorest	19,679 [20.2]	12,747 [57.8]	9,277 [42.1]
Poorer	20,053 [20.6]	11,819 [58.5]	8,387 [41.5]
Middle	19,772 [20.3]	11,725 [59.9]	7,847 [40.1]
Richer	19,532 [20.0]	11,275 [61.8]	6,974 [38.2]
Richest	18,504 [18.9]	11,491 [67.0]	5,653 [33.0]
Sex of Household Head				< 0.001
Male	81,659 [83.7]	48,609 [60.3]	32,063 [40.2]
Female	15,883 [16.3]	10,448 [63.1]	6,102 [36.9]
Total	97,542 [100%]	59,057 [60.8]	38,165 [39.2]

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ISSN: 1475-9276

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