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Table 1 Logistic Regression Results for Has Long Covid and Has Activity Limitations Due to Long COVID (Odds Ratios)

From: An intersectional analysis of long COVID prevalence

 

Has Long Covid

Has Activity Limitations

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

Has 4-yr degree

0.617***

0.551***

0.959

0.858**

 

(0.009)

(0.016)

(0.029)

(0.054)

Female

1.756***

1.701***

1.104***

0.991

 

(0.032)

(0.047)

(0.042)

(0.056)

Sexual/gender minority

1.390***

1.435***

1.442***

1.398**

 

(0.038)

(0.097)

(0.075)

(0.186)

Race/ethnicity (reference white non-Hispanic)

 

Hispanic

1.163***

1.016

0.831***

0.741**

 

(0.032)

(0.062)

(0.047)

(0.097)

Black non-Hispanic

0.973

0.789***

0.821***

0.741*

 

(0.029)

(0.064)

(0.049)

(0.127)

Asian non-Hispanic

0.707***

0.685***

0.843*

0.616*

 

(0.034)

(0.087)

(0.083)

(0.174)

Other race non-Hispanic

1.230***

1.113

1.231***

1.157

 

(0.048)

(0.097)

(0.087)

(0.196)

Age

1.002***

1.001**

1.016***

1.017***

 

(0.001)

(0.001)

(0.001)

(0.001)

Two-way interaction terms

    

Female*Hispanic

 

1.136*

 

1.348*

  

(0.084)

 

(0.208)

Female*Black

 

1.262**

 

1.196

  

(0.115)

 

(0.227)

Female*Asian

 

1.052

 

1.339

  

(0.184)

 

(0.478)

Female*Other race

 

1.013

 

1.160

  

(0.110)

 

(0.232)

Female*Has BA/BS

 

0.986

 

1.158*

  

(0.036)

 

(0.088)

Female*SGM

 

0.993

 

1.163

  

(0.078)

 

(0.174)

Has BA/BS*Hispanic

 

1.387***

 

1.099

  

(0.118)

 

(0.199)

Has BA/BS*Black

 

1.542***

 

0.929

  

(0.175)

 

(0.229)

Has BA/BS*Asian

 

1.068

 

1.379

  

(0.152)

 

(0.444)

Has BA/BS*Other race

 

1.397***

 

1.153

  

(0.163)

 

(0.262)

Has BA/BS*SGM

 

1.129

 

1.112

  

(0.093)

 

(0.187)

SGM*Hispanic

 

1.059

 

1.021

  

(0.156)

 

(0.325)

SGM*Black

 

0.718

 

1.334

  

(0.158)

 

(0.685)

SGM*Asian

 

0.519**

 

3.547**

  

(0.165)

 

(2.252)

SGM*Other race

 

1.265

 

1.044

  

(0.233)

 

(0.350)

Three-way interaction terms

    

Female*Has BA/BS*SGM

 

0.980

 

0.983

  

(0.094)

 

(0.189)

Female*Has BA/BS*Hispanic

 

0.973

 

0.773

  

(0.100)

 

(0.166)

Female*Has BA/BS*Black

 

0.914

 

1.183

  

(0.116)

 

(0.324)

Female*Has BA/BS*Asian

 

1.134

 

0.858

  

(0.218)

 

(0.350)

Female*Has BA/BS*Other race

 

0.967

 

0.805

  

(0.139)

 

(0.217)

SGM*Has BA/BS*Hispanic

 

0.976

 

1.088

  

(0.130)

 

(0.282)

SGM*Has BA/BS*Black

 

1.150

 

1.105

  

(0.210)

 

(0.430)

SGM*Has BA/BS*Asian

 

2.123***

 

0.293**

  

(0.579)

 

(0.165)

SGM*Has BA/BS*Other race

 

0.704**

 

0.948

  

(0.123)

 

(0.293)

Female*SGM*Hispanic

 

0.806

 

0.588

  

(0.130)

 

(0.197)

Female*SGM*Black

 

0.924

 

0.474

  

(0.213)

 

(0.243)

Female*SGM*Asian

 

1.004

 

0.396

  

(0.297)

 

(0.239)

Female*SGM*Other race

 

0.807

 

0.775

  

(0.167)

 

(0.295)

Constant

0.274***

0.288***

0.213***

0.222***

 

(0.011)

(0.012)

(0.018)

(0.020)

Sample size

285,749

285,749

59,166

59,166

F Statistic

164.01***

85.64***

23.91***

9.46***

  1. Source: Authors’ analysis of data from the Household Pulse Survey, June 2022 to March 2023
  2. Dummy for survey month in all regressions. Standard errors in parentheses. The notation *** is p < 0.01, ** is p < 0.05, * is p < 0.10. Sample for (1) and (2) consists of all adults who had COVID, and sample for (3) and (4) consists of all adults who had long COVID