Table 1 List of potential explanatory variables of health services utilization and financial burden grouped according to the Andersen's Behavioral Model of Health Services Use
Variables | Definition | |
|---|---|---|
Outcome variables | Health service utilization | |
One-month outpatient visit | Visited a doctor in the last month; Yes = 1; No = 0 | |
One-year inpatient visit | Received inpatient care in the last year; Yes = 1; No = 0 | |
Healthcare financial burden | ||
Proportion of OOP one-month outpatient payments | OOP payment (deducting the reimbursed expenses) / total payment for outpatient visits during the past month | |
Proportion of OOP one-year inpatient payments | OOP payment (deducting the reimbursed expenses) / total payment for inpatient visits during the past year | |
Catastrophic health expenditure | OOP spending on health equaled or exceeded 40% of a household’s capacity to pay | |
Predisposing characteristics | Age | If 45 = < age < 55, age = 1 If 55 = < age < 65, age = 2 If 65 = < age < 75, age = 3 If age > = 75, age = 4 |
Gender | Male = 1; Female = 0 | |
Marital status | Married = 1; Single/divorced/widowed/Never married = 0 | |
Education | Primary school and below = 1; Secondary school = 2; College and above = 3 | |
Enabling factors | Residence status | Agricultural household registration and living in rural areas = 1 Urban household registration and living in urban areas = 2 Agricultural household registration but living in urban areas = 3 |
Health insurance | No insurance = 1 Urban employee basic medical insurance (UEBMI) = 2 Urban and rural resident basic medical insurance (URRBMI) = 3 Other insurance = 4 | |
Socioeconomic group | Per capita household consumption expenditure (PCE) | |
Need variables | Hypertension | ①self-reported doctor diagnosed hypertension ②self-reported taking anti-hypertensive medication currently If ① = YES AND/OR ② = YES: With hypertension = 1 If ① = No AND ② = No: Without hypertension = 0 |
Co-morbidity status | Participant with hypertension and one or more physical chronic non-communicable diseases = 1 Participant only with hypertension = 0 |