Table 5 Multivariate multilevel logistic mixed model regression estimates (odds ratios) of determinants of binary health indicators

Sex

Male^a

†

†

†

Female

0.87 (0.77-0.98)*

0.95 (0.80-1.13)

0.97 (0.79-1.19)

Age

12-23 months

2.83 (2.29-3.51)***

2.94 (2.20-3.94)***

5.03 (3.47-7.29)***

1.90 (1.48-2.45)***

1.58 (1.02-2.46)*

1.66 (1.07-2.58)*

24-35 months

1.55 (1.24-1.93)***

1.77 (1.31-2.40)***

2.88 (1.95-4.23)***

1.65 (1.27-2.13)***

2.07 (1.36-3.160**

1.36 (0.86-2.15)

36-47 months

1.90 (1.52-2.37)***

2.33 (1.73-3.15)***

2.69 (1.80-4.01)***

1.60 (1.22-2.080**

1.63 (1.04-2.54)*

1.19 (0.73-1.94)

48-59 months

2.06 (1.65-2.56)***

2.25 (1.66-3.05)***

2.79 (1.86-4.19)***

1.68 (1.30-2.18)***

1.59 (1.02-2.49)*

1.17 (0.71-1.94)

Number of children under age 5 in the home

2

1.47 (1.29-1.69)***

1.30 (1.06-1.58)*

1.24 (1.01-1.57)*

1.26 (1.15-1.62)***

1.05 (0.79-1.41)

1.13 (0.83-1.53)

3

1.99 (1.50-2.65)***

1.84 (1.14-2.96)*

1.55 (0.86-2.82)

1.69 (1.19-2.39)**

1.15 (0.57-2.31)

1.43 (0.67-3.07)

Maternal Education level

Primary

0.73 (0.46-1.16)

0.62 (0.39-0.98)*

0.72 (0.46-1.13)

0.92 (0.52-1.63)

0.66 (0.36-1.21)

0.74 (0.41-1.35)

Secondary

0.59 (0.37-0.94)*

0.60 (0.41-0.89)*

0.71 (0.49-1.04)

0.69 (0.39-1.22)

0.62 (0.38-1.04)

0.59 (0.36-0.98)*

Vocational

0.53 (0.32-0.88)*

0.43 (0.25-0.72)**

0.47 (0.26-0.85)*

0.89 (0.49-1.64)

0.41 (0.19-0.87)*

0.53 (0.24-1.15)

University

0.45 (0.28-0.73)**

0.45 (0.28-0.71)**

0.55 (0.35-0.87)*

0.57 (0.31-1.04)

0.44 (0.24-0.83)*

0.49 (0.27-0.92)*

Household economic status

Second

0.98 (0.81-1.18)

0.90 (0.68-1.19)

0.70 (0.48-1.00)

0.94 (0.74-1.19)

1.13 (0.76-1.67)

0.65 (0.31-1.40)

Middle

1.03 (0.82-1.29)

0.64 (0.44-0.92)*

0.48 (0.31-0.75)**

0.82 (0.61-1.10)

0.84 (0.50-1.43)

0.69 (0.35-1.34)

Fourth

0.90 (0.69-1.16)

0.49 (0.32-0.75)**

0.47 (0.29-0.76)**

0.95 (0.69-1.32)

0.80 (0.43-1.47)

0.79 (0.44-1.43)

Richest

0.91 (0.49-1.66)

0.48 (0.30-0.77)**

0.24 (0.13-0.45)***

0.78 (0.36-1.67)

0.75 (0.39-1.45)

0.81(0.49-1.34)

Water source

Poor^a

†

†

†

Improved

0.99 (0.81-1.20)

1.23 (0.97-1.55)

1.0 (0.78-1.27)

Sanitation facility

Poor^a

†

†

†

Improved

0.57 (0.33-0.97)*

1.04 (0.80-1.35)

1.06 (0.76-1.47)

Place of Residence

Rural

0.96 (0.76-1.22)

0.89 (0.64-1.26)

0.84 (0.61-1.16)

0.93 (0.68-1.28)

0.80 (0.53-1.22)

1.05 (0.70-1.59)

Region of Residence

West

1.59 (1.19-2.13)**

1.07 (0.73-1.58)

1.39 (0.91-2.15)

2.55 (1.67-3.91)***

1.05 (0.66-1.67)

1.14 (0.66-1.98)

Khangai

1.75 (1.31-2.32)***

0.73 (0.50-1.08)

0.94 (0.60-1.46)

1.31 (−.90-1.90)

1.10 (0.70-1.71)

0.99 (0.57-1.73)

Central

1.28 (0.98-1.67)

0.66 (0.44-0.98)*

0.91 (0.58-1.42)

1.78 (1.20-2.63)**

0.87 (0.54-1.40)

0.93 (0.53-1.64)

East

1.48 (1.07-2.04)*

1.23 (0.79-1.91)

0.94 (0.59-1.47)

1.76 (1.19-2.61)**

1.00 (0.59-1.69)

0.64 (0.46-1.51)

−13,690.34

−8410.07

−18,777.09

−14,821.67

−9651.77

−20,591.32

76.9

80.5

87.1

86.9

93.8

96.0

5927

336

3713

5927

3363

3716

2010

2000

2005

Sex

Male^a

†

†

†

Female

Age

0-11 months^a

12-23 months

2.29 (1.78-2.95)***

0.78 (0.57-1.07)

0.86 (0.53-1.42)

24-35 months

2.87 (2.21-3.73)***

0.52 (0.38-0.71)***

0.98 (0.60-1.60)

36-47 months

2.78 (2.13-3.64)***

0.41 (0.30-0.56)***

1.13 (0.67-1.85)

48-59 months

2.36 (1.82-3.06)***

0.25 (0.18-0.33)***

1.22 (0.74-2.01)

Number of children under age 5 in the home

1^a

†

†

†

2

3

Maternal Education level

Primary

1.18 (0.64-2.18)

0.72 (0.41-1.27)

1.05 (0.46-2.39)

Secondary

1.14 (0.61-2.11)

0.87 (0.53-1.44)

1.15 (0.58-2.32)

Vocational

1.24 (0.64-2.40)

0.83 (0.45-1.53)

0.89 (0.34-2.34)

University

1.55 (0.81-2.95)

0.86 (0.50-1.50)

1.18 (0.54-2.58)

Household economic status

Second

1.02 (0.78-1.34)

1.12 (0.80-1.57)

0.92 (0.57-1.47)

Middle

1.31 (0.92-2.21)

1.39 (0.91-2.12)

0.87 (0.50-1.51)

Fourth

1.50 (1.03-2.20)*

1.47 (0.91-2.36)

0.77 (0.41-1.45)

Richest

1.46 (0.89-2.40)

1.48 (0.91-1.93)

0.69 (0.33-1.45)

Water source

Improved

1.44 (1.08-1.90)*

1.25 (0.94-1.65)

1.18 (0.82-1.68)

Sanitation facility

Poor^a

†

†

†

Improved

Place of Residence

Rural

3.16 (1.71-5.82)***

1.68 (0.95-2.97)

0.96 (0.62-1.48)

Region of Residence

Ulaanbaatar^a

West

0.37 (0.16-0.82)*

0.61 (0.30-1.22)

1.07 (0.59-1.95)

Khangai

0.32 (0.15-0.71)**

1.09 (0.57-2.07)

1.54 (0.87-2.74)

Central

0.24 (0.12-0.50)***

2.64 (1.33-5.25)**

1.14 (0.63-2.07)

East

0.08 (0.03-0.20)***

1.57 (0.68-3.61)

0.94 (0.50-1.77)

−15,972.66

−8606.55

−22,040.53

88.0

84.4

97.8%

6184

3547

3953