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Table 2 Unadjusted and adjusted associations of socio-demographics with service utilization (N = 4912)

From: Differential effects of community health worker visits across social and economic groups in Uttar Pradesh, India: a link between social inequities and health disparities

 

At least 4 ANC during pregnancy

Facility delivery

Use any modern method of family planning

(Wtd % = 6.8)

(Wtd % = 62.9)

(Wtd % = 12.6)

Characteristic

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

Caste

 SC/ST

0.35***(0.20–0.59)

0.53***(0.39–0.72)

0.40***(0.26–0.62)

 OBC

0.36***(0.25–0.52)

0.57***(0.44–0.73)

0.52***(0.38–0.70)

 General

Ref

Ref

Ref

Religion

 Non-Muslim

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Muslim

0.82(0.59–1.15)

0.96(0.65–1.43)

0.91(0.64–1.29)

Wealth index

 Low

0.34***(0.24–0.48)

0.43***(0.32–0.58)

0.44***(0.32–0.60)

 High

Ref

Ref

Ref

Literacy of woman

 Illiterate

0.44***(0.33–0.59)

0.49***(0.39–0.62)

0.77(0.57–1.05)

 Literate

Ref

Ref

Ref

Any ASHA visits

 No

0.65**(0.50–0.84)

0.53***(0.44–0.64)

0.82(0.64–1.04)

 Yes

Ref

Ref

Ref

Caste

AOR# (95% CI)

AOR# (95% CI)

AOR# (95% CI)

 SC/ST

0.49*(0.28–0.84)

0.64**(0.46–0.88)

0.51**(0.33–0.78)

 OBC

0.46***(0.32–0.65)

0.65**(0.50–0.85)

0.63**(0.46–0.86)

 General

Ref

Ref

Ref

Religion

 Non- Muslim

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Muslim

0.87(0.54–1.40)

1.05(0.73–1.51)

0.82(0.55–1.20)

Wealth index

 Low

0.48***(0.34–0.68)

0.58**(0.42–0.79)

0.47***(0.34–0.64)

 High

Ref

Ref

Ref

Literacy of woman

 Illiterate

0.60**(0.44–0.80)

0.63***(0.50–0.80)

0.82(0.60–1.13)

 Literate

Ref

Ref

Ref

Any ASHA visits

 No

0.65**(0.51–0.84)

0.52***(0.43–0.63)

0.82(0.65–1.04)

 Yes

Ref

Ref

Ref

  1. † Results presented are weighted to account for sampling design
  2. * Statistically significant at p < 0.05
  3. ** Statistically significant at p < 0.01
  4. *** Statistically significant at p < 0.001
  5. # Model adjusted for caste, religion, wealth index, literacy status, number of previous births, age of woman and any ASHA visit during pregnancy