Determinants | Physician utilization | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stage I | Stage II | Stage III | ||||
Odds ratio | p | Odds ratio | p | Odds ratio | p | |
(95 % CI) | (95 % CI) | (95 % CI) | ||||
Predisposing: | ||||||
 Age (years) | ||||||
  20–54 vs 0–19 | 0.313 | <0.0001 | 0.281 | <0.0001 | 0.224 | 0.0014 |
(0.269–0.365) | (0.240–0.330) | (0.089–0.561) | ||||
  20–54 vs 55 + | 0.344 | <0.0001 | 0.736 | 0.0002 | 0.517 | <0.0001 |
(0.299–0.397) | (0.626–0.865) | (0.409–0.653) | ||||
 Sex | ||||||
  Female vs Male | 2.403 | <0.0001 | 2.275 | <0.0001 | 3.053 | <0.0001 |
(2.178–2.651) | (2.054–2.519) | (2.606–3.578) | ||||
 Education | ||||||
  7 + vs 0–6 years | 3.808 | <0.0001 | 3.416 | <0.0001 | 1.783 | 0.0019 |
(3.192–4.544) | (2.843–4.104) | (1.238–2.568) | ||||
 Marital status | ||||||
  Others vs Married | 3.210 | <0.0001 | 2.764 | <0.0001 | 2.664 | <0.0001 |
(2.881–3.577) | (2.465–3.099) | (2.289–3.101) | ||||
 Household size | ||||||
  Living alone vs Others | 2.809 | <0.0001 | 2.794 | <0.0001 | 1.805 | 0.0005 |
(2.353–3.353) | (2.314–3.373) | (1.292–2.521) | ||||
Need: | ||||||
 Chronic disease | ||||||
  Yes vs No |  | 5.010 | <0.0001 | 5.587 | <0.0001 | |
(4.402–5.701) | (4.717–6.618) | |||||
 Disability | ||||||
  Yes vs No |  | 1.192 | 0.2681 | 1.694 | 0.0289 | |
(0.902–1.573) | (1.056–2.718) | |||||
Enabling: | ||||||
 Income | ||||||
  0–30 million vs 30 million + |  |  | 1.207 | 0.0215 | ||
(1.028–1.417) | ||||||
 Type of health plan | ||||||
  Health insurance vs Medical aid |  |  | 0.699 | 0.1706 | ||
(0.419–1.167) |