Illiterate | 1–8 years | ≥9 years | P value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unweighted sample size | 23,815 | 8,245 | 9,985 | 5,585 | |
Age, mean (SE) | 69.8 (9.3) | 72.0 (16.7) | 69.6 (14.2) | 67.3 (15.5) | <0.001 |
Female gender | 56.4 | 57.8 | 56.1 | 55.0 | 0.045 |
Living arrangements | |||||
Live alone | 14.9 | 14,7 | 14,7 | 15.2 | <0.001 |
Live with one person | 35.6 | 33.0 | 35.8 | 38.8 | |
Live with two or more persons | 42.3 | 49.4 | 45.7 | 49.5 | |
Household assets in tertiles | |||||
Lowest | 33.1 | 54.9 | 28.8 | 7.5 | <0.001 |
Middle | 32.2 | 30.2 | 27.4 | 24.2 | |
Highest | 34.6 | 12.9 | 33.8 | 18.2 | |
Interview responded by a proxy | 32.3 | 33.6 | 32.0 | 30.8 | 0.075 |
Any activity of daily living (ADL) limitationa | 30.1 | 43.0 | 29.0 | 13.8 | <0.001 |
Report of needing help for one or more ADL tasks among those with any ADL limitation | 24.5 | 37.0 | 22.7 | 9.9 | <0.001 |