Table 1 Socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of study participants

Age

35.6 [34.0,37.1]

34.8 [34.3,35.3]

0.35

Highest education level

 Pre-primary or nothing

8.38 [4.96,13.7]

5.74 [4.61,7.14]

<0.001

 Primary (1 - 6 yrs of schooling)

29.3 [22.9,36.7]

4.54 [3.53,5.80]

 Secondary (7 – 9 yrs of schooling)

32.3 [25.7,39.8]

16.4 [14.5,18.5]

 High school (10 – 12 yrs of schooling)

14.4 [9.80,20.6]

25.7 [23.4,28.1]

 Higher education

15.6 [10.8,21.9]

47.6 [44.9,50.3]

Marital status

 Single

32.9 [26.2,40.4]

72.3 [69.8,74.6]

<0.001

 Married/Cohabiting

41.9 [34.7,49.5]

23.7 [21.4,26.0]

 Divorced/Separated

7.78 [4.50,13.0]

3.55 [2.67,4.70]

 Widow or widower

17.4 [12.3,23.9]

0.53 [0.23,1.11]

Partner died of AIDS (among widows or widowers)

85.2 [66.9,94.7]

85.7 [46.7,99.5]

0.97

Number of children

 0

18.0 [12.8,24.5]

87.6 [85.7,89.3]

<0.001

 1

26.9 [20.8,34.2]

4.84 [3.80,6.14]

 2

23.4 [17.6,30.4]

4.31 [3.33,5.55]

 3 or more

31.7 [25.1,39.2]

3.25 [2.41,4.36]

Indigenous

11.4 [7.38,17.3]

7.48 [6.17,9.04]

0.08

Living alone

5.39 [2.72,10.1]

19.0 [16.9,21.2]

<0.001

Worked the past month

67.1 [59.6,73.8]

75.7 [73.4,78.0]

0.02

Type of contract

 Temporary

14.0 [8.72,21.7]

21.6 [19.1,24.3]

<0.001

 Permanent

7.02 [3.41,13.4]

17.4 [15.2,19.9]

 None

78.9 [70.5,85.5]

61.0 [57.9,64.0]

Wage [mean, sd] in US$

172.1 [150.6,193.5]

391.8 [366.3,417.2]

<0.001

Duke-UNK’s Social Support classification

High social support

62.1 [53.6,69.9]

72.0 [69.2,74.6]

0.03

Self-placement on the social ladder

 I to III

15.3 [8.01,26.7]

5.07 [3.30,7.67]

<0.001

 IV to VI

39.0 [27.6,51.8]

21.3 [17.6,25.5]

 VII to IX

45.8 [33.7,58.3]

73.7 [69.2,77.7]

Previously in prison

2.53 [0.77,6.55]

4.68 [3.64,5.98]

0.22

Previously migrated to the USA

2.55 [0.77,6.59]

11.8 [10.2,13.7]

<0.001

Sexual identity

 Gay/Lesbian

1.20 [0.05,4.54]

80.3 [78.0,82.3]

<0.001

 Heterosexual

91.0 [85.6,94.6]

11.0 [9.45,12.8]

 Bisexual

7.78 [4.50,13.0]

8.69 [7.29,10.3]