Socioeconomic differences in self-rated health among women: a comparison of St. Petersburg to Estonia and Finland

Dubikaytis, Tatiana; Härkänen, Tommi; Regushevskaya, Elena; Hemminki, Elina; Haavio-Mannila, Elina; Laanpere, Made; Kuznetsova, Olga; Koskinen, Seppo

doi:10.1186/1475-9276-13-39

International Journal for Equity in Health

Table 5 Cumulative OR with 95% CI for self-rated health (1 = best health and 5 = poorest health) by socioeconomic, behaviour factors and longstanding illness among women in Finland

From: Socioeconomic differences in self-rated health among women: a comparison of St. Petersburg to Estonia and Finland

	Model I age-adjusted^a	Model II + SEP adjusted^b,c	Model III + behavior risk factors^b,d	Model IV + chronic diseases^b,e
Education	p^f < 0.001	p^f <0.001	p^f <0.001	p^f <0.001
<10 yrs	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
10–12 yrs	0.69^# [0.46–1.02]	0.78 [0.52–1.16]	0.83 [0.56–1.24]	0.87 [0.58–1.30]
13–15 yrs	0.52^** [0.36–0.76]	0.60^** [0.41–0.88]	0.69^# [0.47–1.01]	0.77 [0.52–1.14]
16+ yrs	0.35^*** [0.23–0.52]	0.40^*** [0.27–0.60]	0.47^*** [0.31–0.72]	0.51^** [0.34–0.77]
Personal income	p^f <0.001	p^f <0.01	p^f <0.01	p^f <0.01
Lowest quartile	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
2nd quartile	0.61^** [0.46–0.81]	0.68^** [0.51–0.89]	0.71^* [0.53–0.94]	0.75^# [0.56–1.00]
3rd quartile	0.47^*** [0.35–0.62]	0.58^** [0.43–0.79]	0.60^** [0.44–0.82]	0.63^** [0.46–0.86]
Highest quartile	0.51^*** [0.38–0.68]	0.74^# [0.53–1.02]	0.79 [0.57–1.10]	0.85 [0.61–1.17]
Employment	p^f <0.001	p^f ns	p^f ns	p^f ns
Employed	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Student	1.31^# [0.96–1.78]	1.19 [0.85–1.67]	1.26 [0.90–1.77]	1.20 [0.86–1.69]
Unemployed	2.10^*** [1.50–2.92]	1.58^* [1.08–2.31]	1.53^* [1.05–2.24]	1.31 [0.90–1.90]
Housewives	1.40^* [1.01–1.92]	1.21 [0.86–1.71]	1.24 [0.88–1.75]	1.13 [0.78–1.63]
Family structure	p^f <0.10	p^f ns	p^f ns	p^f <0.05
Child & partner	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Only partner	1.04 [0.81–1.34]	1.12 [0.85–1.47]	1.13 [0.86–1.48]	1.17 [0.89–1.53]
No children no partner	0.95 [0.71–1.26]	0.91 [0.67–1.24]	0.84 [0.62–1.15]	0.80 [0.58–1.10]
Only children	1.50^* [1.08–2.09]	1.24 [0.89–1.73]	1.26 [0.89–1.76]	1.29 [0.90–1.84]
Smoking	p^f <0.001		p^f <0.01	p^f <0.001
Never	1.00		1.00	1.00
In past	1.05 [0.81–1.36]		0.92 [0.70–1.21]	0.95 [0.72–1.25]
Occasional	0.61^* [0.38–0.99]		0.56^* [0.34–0.92]	0.50^** [0.30–0.84]
Current	1.60^*** [1.29–1.98]		1.29^* [1.02–1.62]	1.32^* [1.04–1.67]
BMI	p^f <0.001		p^f <0.001	p^f <0.001
Under 20	1.27^# [0.97–1.67]		1.19 [0.90–1.57]	1.21 [0.92–1.58]
20–24.9	1.00		1.00	1.00
25–29.9	1.40^** [1.13–1.75]		1.34^* [1.07–1.68]	1.34^* [1.06–1.70]
30+	3.02^*** [2.28–4.02]		2.85^*** [2.13–3.81]	2.36^*** [1.75–3.18]
Mental illness	p^f <0.001			p^f <0.001
Yes vs. no	10.4^*** [5.86–19.15]			10.90^*** [5.41–21.96]
Trauma & musculoskeletal	p^f <0.001			p^f <0.001
Yes vs. no	4.36^*** [3.26–5.83]			4.57^*** [3.34–6.25]
Cardiovascular illness	p^f <0.001			p^f <0.001
Yes vs. no	3.76^*** [2.17–6.52]			3.02^*** [1.72–5.31]
Other diseases	p^f <0.001			p^f <0.001
Yes vs. no	1.82^*** [1.44–2.30]			2.59^*** [1.98–3.39]

^aModel I SRH = age + one of the explanatory variables (education, personal income, employment status, family structure, BMI, smoking, chronic diseases).
^bElaboration analysis by adding a group of explanatory variables in the model allows one to assess the mediation effect of the group of new variables.
^cModel II SRH = age + education + personal income + employment status + family structure (SEP variables).
^dModel III SRH = age + SEP variables + BMI + smoking.
^eModel IV SRH = age + SEP variables + behaviour variables + chronic diseases.
^fWald test for significance of the cumulative OR difference between the categories of the variable.
^#p < 0.1; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ns not significant.
SEP = socioeconomic position.

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ISSN: 1475-9276

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