From: Health care payments in the asia pacific: validation of five survey measures of economic burden
 | Country | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
 | China | Malaysia | Philippines | Vietnam |
Household characteristic | (n=3993) | (n=6095) | (n=10,074) | (n=4169) |
Region, (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Urban | 33.0 | 63.8 | 58.9 | 23.7 |
  Rural | 67.0 | 36.2 | 41.1 | 76.3 |
Sex distribution, (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Females in household | 50.3 | 50.6 | 50.1 | 50.8 |
Age distribution, (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Households with children 0–5 years | 16.7 | 35.1 | 45.4 | 28.0 |
  Households with children 6–15 years | 43.1 | 48.4 | 61.7 | 62.0 |
  Households with persons 16–59 years | 88.3 | 95.8 | 96.4 | 97.4 |
  Households with persons 60+ years | 37.3 | 23.2 | 22.4 | 26.4 |
Size, (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Households with 1–2 members | 22.0 | 24.6 | 9.9 | 7.8 |
  Households with 3–5 members | 69.8 | 49.1 | 49.7 | 68.4 |
  Households with 6–10 members | 8.2 | 25.4 | 38.4 | 23.4 |
  Households with 11+ members | 0.0 | 0.9 | 2.0 | 0.4 |
Marital status, (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Households with at least one married member | 91.4 | 81.2 | 82.3 | 93.6 |
Highest education by member, (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  No schooling or less than primary | 6.6 | 6.7 | 6.3 | 5.8 |
  Primary school completed | 11.8 | 12.1 | 21.3 | 16.8 |
  Secondary school completed | 38.2 | 14.4 | 41.7 | 35.3 |
  High school or equivalent completed | 26.3 | 39.4 | 7.2 | 30.3 |
  College or post-graduate completed | 17.0 | 27.4 | 23.5 | 11.8 |
Health care need, (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Member with long-term illness, disability or frailty | 4.6 | 4.2 | 3.2 | 3.3 |
  Respondent with chronic illness | 23.1 | 30.7 | 41.4 | 16.4 |
  Hospitalization | 7.2 | 18.0 | 15.4 | 14.5 |
Risk protection, (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Households with no reported health insurance | 40.5 | 41.7 | 75.4 | 42.5 |
  Households with at least one member but not all insured | 18.8 | 30.9 | 13.8 | 50.5 |
  Households with all members insured | 40.7 | 27.4 | 10.8 | 7.1 |
Poverty, (%)b | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Households classified as poor | 19.1 | 20.5 | 39.0 | 30.6 |
Total annual expenditure, median by wealth quintile ($)c | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Q1 (fewest assets) | 2468 | 2471 | 2673 | 3080 |
  Q2 | 3760 | 4127 | 4103 | 3491 |
  Q3 | 5560 | 5405 | 5097 | 4107 |
  Q4 | 7276 | 6756 | 6838 | 5134 |
  Q5 (most assets) | 10,490 | 10,956 | 10,319 | 8220 |