From: Health care payments in the asia pacific: validation of five survey measures of economic burden
 | Measures of economic burden from health care payments | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Direct | Direct | |||
 | Cost | Negative consequence | |||
Construct | Any health expenditure | Health expenditure amount | Catastrophic health expenditure | Indebtedness | Impoverishment |
Health care need | + | + | + | + | + |
Wealth | + | + | − | − | − |
Risk protection | − | − | − | − | − |