Social class related inequalities in household health expenditure and economic burden: evidence from Kerala, south India

Table 5 Distribution of households' out-of-pocket health expenditure by sources of finance

Caste	Per capita expenditure (Rs)	Distribution of out-of-pocket health expenditure by sources of finance (%)
		Cash¹	Savings²	Donations³	Loans⁴
Total health expenditure*
Paniya	43	62	7	3	28
Other ST/SC	251	71	6	5	19
OBC	501	63	6	4	28
FC	801	66	10	1	22
All castes	496	65	8	3	24
*Expenditure on OP visits*
Paniya	31 [25,36]	70	4	2	23
Other ST/SC	204 [186,216]	77	5	1	17
OBC	353 [324,375]	68	6	4	22
FC	641 [579,687]	71	10	2	18
All castes	379 [347,403]	70	8	2	19
*Expenditure on hospitalisation*
Paniya	12 [4,17]	37	14	7	41
Other ST/SC	47 [25,62]	45	10	19	26
OBC	148 [26,237]	50	5	4	41
FC	160 [110,198]	49	9	1	41
All castes	117 [51,164]	49	7	3	40

Notes: 1 - Available cash mostly from currently income; 2 - Includes savings as well as selling of food stocks; 3 - Donations from relatives or friends; 4 - Includes loans from friends, self-help groups or money lenders; Figures in the brackets show 95% CIs.
Source: Wayanad baseline and panel surveys.

ISSN: 1475-9276