Table 8 Robustness checks
|  | A: Parallel trend test (N = 59,562) | B: Multi-period DID (N = 122,061) | C: Generalized linear model (N = 122,061) | D: PSM-DID with kernel matching (N = 102,427) | E: PSM-DID with radius matching (N = 102,963) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | |
Policy change | 0.263 (0.050–1.370) | 0.113 | 1.1149 (1.013–1.227) | 0.026 | 0.004 (0.001–0.007) | 0.004 | 1.036 (1.010–1.062) | 0.007 | 1.037 (1.010–1.063) | 0.006 |
Income | 1.120 (1.030–1.218) | 0.008 | 1.395 (1.286–1.512) | 0.000 | 0.033 (0.028–0.038) | 0.000 | 1.256 (1.195–1.321) | 0.000 | 1.257 (1.196–1.322) | 0.000 |
Policy change × Income | 1.060 (0.936–1.200) | 0.360 | 0.829 (0.758–0.907) | 0.000 | -0.006 (-0.008–0.004) | 0.000 | 0.959 (0.943–0.975) | 0.000 | 0.959 (0.943–0.975) | 0.000 |
Age | 0.940 (0.937–0.942) | 0.000 | 0.941 (0.939–0.943) | 0.000 | -0.010 (-0.010–0.010) | 0.000 | 0.941 (0.939–0.943) | 0.000 | 0.941 (0.939–0.943) | 0.000 |
Gender (Male = 1) | 1.208 (1.142–1.278) | 0.000 | 1.220 (1.175–1.265) | 0.000 | 0.027 (0.022–0.032) | 0.000 | 1.197 (1.150–1.246) | 0.000 | 1.198 (1.151–1.246) | 0.000 |
Hukou type (Rural = 1) | 1.048 (0.965–1.138) | 0.268 | 1.069 (1.011–1.129) | 0.019 | 0.008 (0.001–0.015) | 0.029 | 1.066 (1.004–1.131) | 0.036 | 1.064 (1.002–1.129) | 0.042 |
Marriage (Unmarried = 1) | 1.143 (0.974–1.342) | 0.102 | 1.181 (1.062–1.314) | 0.002 | 0.011 (-0.003–0.026) | 0.131 | 1.152 (1.026–1.292) | 0.016 | 1.147 (1.022–1.286) | 0.020 |
Marriage (Married = 1) | 1.210 (1.073–1.366) | 0.002 | 1.170 (1.078–1.269) | 0.000 | 0.052 (0.037–0.066) | 0.000 | 1.144 (1.046–1.250) | 0.003 | 1.141 (1.044–1.246) | 0.004 |
Education (Primary school = 1) | 1.343 (1.166–1.546) | 0.000 | 1.300 (1.185–1.426) | 0.000 | 0.105 (0.081–0.130) | 0.000 | 1.280 (1.155–1.418) | 0.000 | 1.281 (1.156–1.419) | 0.000 |
Education (Junior high school = 1) | 1.689 (1.470–1.940) | 0.000 | 1.700 (1.552–1.861) | 0.000 | 0.158 (0.135–0.182) | 0.000 | 1.689 (1.527–1.869) | 0.000 | 1.688 (1.526–1.868) | 0.000 |
Education (High school = 1) | 1.813 (1.560–2.108) | 0.000 | 1.757 (1.591–1.939) | 0.000 | 0.158 (0.135–0.182) | 0.000 | 1.723 (1.544–1.922) | 0.000 | 1.722 (1.543–1.921) | 0.000 |
Education (College or above = 1) | 1.842 (1.557–2.179) | 0.000 | 1.769 (1.584–1.976) | 0.000 | 0.159 (0.135–0.183) | 0.000 | 1.743 (1.544–1.968) | 0.000 | 1.729 (1.531–1.953) | 0.000 |
Migrating reasons (Work = 1) | 1.649 (1.449–1.877) | 0.000 | 1.475 (1.349–1.613) | 0.000 | 0.090 (0.075–0.106) | 0.000 | 1.465 (1.331–1.613) | 0.000 | 1.466 (1.331–1.613) | 0.000 |
Migrating reasons (Business = 1) | 1.981 (1.725–2.275) | 0.000 | 1.797 (1.635–1.976) | 0.000 | 0.118 (0.102–0.135) | 0.000 | 1.790 (1.616–1.983) | 0.000 | 1.793 (1.619–1.987) | 0.000 |
Migrating reasons (Family = 1) | 0.976 (0.848–1.123) | 0.734 | 0.975 (0.885–1.074) | 0.608 | -0.009 (-0.027–0.009) | 0.350 | 0.932 (0.840–1.034) | 0.186 | 0.932 (0.840–1.034) | 0.186 |
Willingness to settle (Yes = 1) | 0.906 (0.873–0.940) | 0.000 | 1.169 (1.118–1.221) | 0.000 | 0.019 (0.013–0.026) | 0.000 | 1.183 (1.128–1.242) | 0.000 | 1.183 (1.128–1.242) | 0.000 |
Year fixed effects | control | control | control | control | control | |||||
District fixed effects | control | control | control | control | control | |||||