Table 6 Associations between social, community and economic participation, and sociodemographic characteristics (N = 20,622)
From: Menstruation and social inequities in Spain: a cross-sectional online survey-based study
|  | Feel less able to cope with day-to-day activities during menstruation ( N  = 19,997) | Feels less productive during menstruation ( N  = 17,330) | Work absenteeism during menstruation ( N  = 18,463) | Education absenteeism during menstruation ( N  = 18,271) | Decline social meetings during menstruating ( N  = 20,182) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
aOR (95%CI) | p value | aOR (95%CI) | p value | aOR (95%CI) | p value | aOR (95%CI) | p value | aOR (95%CI) | p value | |
Age | ||||||||||
 18–25 | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
 26–35 | 0.78 (0.68.0.88) |  < 0.001 | 0.76 (0.65–0.89) | 0.001 | 1.06 (0.93–1.20) | 0.375 | 0.88 (0.79–0.98) | 0.024 | 0.99 (0.90–1.09) | 0.846 |
 36–45 | 0.56 (0.49–0.63) |  < 0.001 | 0.50 (0.42–0.58) |  < 0.001 | 0.93 (0.82–1.07) | 0.307 | 0.51 (0.45–0.57) |  < 0.001 | 0.73 (0.66–0.82) |  < 0.001 |
 46–55 | 0.32 (0.28–0.37) |  < 0.001 | 0.25 (0.21–0.30) |  < 0.001 | 0.91 (0.76–1.07) | 0.254 | 0.33 (0.29–0.38) |  < 0.001 | 0.48 (0.48–0.55) |  < 0.001 |
Gender | ||||||||||
 Women | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
 Non-binary/other | 1.36 (1.05–1.77) | 0.020 | 1.06 (0.78–1.43) | 0.711 | 1.65 (1.30–2.08) |  < 0.001 | 1.57 (1.23–2.00) |  < 0.001 | 1.70 (1.37–2.11) |  < 0.001 |
Trans | ||||||||||
 No | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
 Yes | 1.51 (0.82–2.79) | 0.184 | 1.46 (0.72–2.98) | 0.294 | 1.01 (0.62–1.66) | 0.970 | 0.88 (0.54–1.41) | 0.588 | 0.87 (0.57–1.30) | 0.490 |
 I don’t know | 1.15 (0.67–1.99) | 0.611 | 0.82 (0.45–1.50) | 0.513 | 1.25 (0.78–2.03) | 0.355 | 0.71 (0.45–1.13) | 0.153 | 0.78 (0.51–1.17) | 0.230 |
Place of birth | ||||||||||
 Spain | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
 Latin America | 0.98 (0.81–1.20) | 0.880 | 0.95 (0.74–1.21) | 0.655 | 1.24 (1.01–1.53) | 0.037 | 0.75 (0.62–0.90) | 0.002 | 0.96 (0.81–1.15) | 0.675 |
 Europe | 1.55 (1.16–2.06) | 0.003 | 1.34 (0.94–1.90) | 0.100 | 1.19 (0.90–1.59) | 0.223 | 1.32 (1.01–1.73) | 0.039 | 1.22 (0.96–1.55) | 0.098 |
 Other | 1.04 (0.63–1.71) | 0.877 | 0.98 (0.52–1.85) | 0.958 | 1.40 (0.85–2.30) | 0.184 | 1.13 (0.71–1.80) | 0.602 | 1.64 (1.07–2.52) | 0.023 |
Administrative situation | ||||||||||
 Spanish nationality | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
 Permanent residency | 0.92 (0.72–1.18) | 0.520 | 1.05 (0.77–1.42) | 0.771 | 0.99 (0.77–1.27) | 0.957 | 0.76 (0.61–0.95) | 0.016 | 0.82 (0.67–1.01) | 0.064 |
 Temporal residency | 0.88 (0.56–1.38) | 0.575 | 0.82 (0.48–1.40) | 0.465 | 1.34 (0.89–2.03) | 0.160 | 0.82 (0.55–1.20) | 0.303 | 0.75 (0.52–1.06) | 0.106 |
 No permit/in process | 1.56 (0.64–3.81) | 0.330 | 0.41 (0.19–0.86) | 0.019 | 3.30 (1.66–6.55) | 0.001 | 1.34 (0.63–2.85) | 0.450 | 1.09 (0.56–2.13) | 0.791 |
Employment situation | ||||||||||
 Working full-time | 0.74 (0.65–0.84) |  < 0.001 | 0.66 (0.57–0.77) |  < 0.001 | 0.62 (0.55–0.71) |  < 0.001 | 0.75 (0.66–0.84) |  < 0.001 | 0.81 (0.73–0.89) |  < 0.001 |
 Working part-time | 0.83 (0.73–0.94) | 0.004 | 0.74 (0.63–0.87) |  < 0.001 | 0.58 (0.51–0.66) |  < 0.001 | 0.85 (0.76–0.96) | 0.006 | 0.81 (0.73–0.91) |  < 0.001 |
 Self-employed | 0.89 (0.77–1.02) | 0.094 | 0.84 (0.70–1.00) | 0.046 | 1.40 (1.22–1.61) |  < 0.001 | 0.88 (0.77–1.00) | 0.057 | 0.87 (0.77–0.98) | 0.021 |
 Studying full-time | 1.44 (1.23–1.68) |  < 0.001 | 1.20 (0.98–1.46) | 0.073 | 1.15 (0.99–1.35) | 0.070 | 1.55 (1.35–1.78) |  < 0.001 | 1.17 (1.03–1.32) | 0.013 |
 Studying part-time | 1.29 (1.12–1.48) |  < 0.001 | 1.11 (0.94–1.31) | 0.214 | 1.11 (0.97–1.27) | 0.114 | 1.68 (1.49–1.91) |  < 0.001 | 1.18 (1.05–1.31) | 0.004 |
 Unemployment or COVID19 benefits | 0.97 (0.83–1.14) | 0.697 | 0.86 (0.71–1.04) | 0.121 | 0.77 (0.66–0.90) | 0.001 | 1.05 (0.90–1.21) | 0.553 | 1.08 (0.95–1.23) | 0.232 |
 Pension or retirement | 0.91 (0.61–1.36) | 0.648 | 0.92 (0.57–1.48) | 0.720 | 1.13 (0.71–1.79) | 0.616 | 1.28 (0.86–1.91) | 0.227 | 1.26 (0.88–1.78) | 0.202 |
 Unpaid carer/houseworker | 0.93 (0.79–1.09) | 0.355 | 0.89 (0.73–1.08) | 0.226 | 0.97 (0.82–1.14) | 0.685 | 0.92 (0.78–1.07) | 0.259 | 0.94 (0.82–1.08) | 0.402 |
Completed education | ||||||||||
 Primary education | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
 Secondary education | 1.22 (0.89–1.66) | 0.213 | 1.35 (0.94–1.95) | 0.108 | 0.88 (0.61–1.27) | 0.492 | 1.31 (0.92–1.85) | 0.133 | 1.30 (0.97–1.74) | 0.077 |
 University education | 1.63 (1.19–2.21) | 0.002 | 1.59 (1.10–2.28) | 0.013 | 0.89 (0.62–1.27) | 0.518 | 1.74 (1.23–2.46) | 0.002 | 1.39 (1.04–1.85) | 0.025 |
Financial problems < 12 months | ||||||||||
 Always/Many times | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
 Some/A few times | 0.73 (0.64–0.83) |  < 0.001 | 0.78 (0.67–0.92) | 0.002 | 0.80 (0.72–0.90) |  < 0.001 | 0.79 (0.70–0.88) |  < 0.001 | 0.78 (0.71–0.87) |  < 0.001 |
 Never | 0.47 (0.42–0.53) |  < 0.001 | 0.53 (0.46–0.62) |  < 0.001 | 0.55 (0.49–0.61) |  < 0.001 | 0.51 (0.46–0.57) |  < 0.001 | 0.51 (0.46–0.56) |  < 0.001 |