Table 4 Associations between access to menstrual poverty, menstrual management and sociodemographic characteristics (N = 20,622)
From: Menstruation and social inequities in Spain: a cross-sectional online survey-based study
|  | Lifetime financial problems to access menstrual products ( N  = 20,518) | Lifetime financial problems to choose menstrual products used ( N  = 20,467) | Overuse menstrual products when no products available ( N  = 20,543) | Overuse menstrual products when no adequate menstrual management space available ( N  = 20,622) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
aOR (95%CI) | p value | aOR (95%CI) | p value | aOR (95%CI) | p value | aOR (95%CI) | p value | |
Age | ||||||||
 18–25 | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
 26–35 | 1.34 (1.18–1.51) |  < 0.001 | 1.11 (1.00–1.23) | 0.044 | 0.71 (0.63–0.80) |  < 0.001 | 0.84 (0.66–1.05) | 0.122 |
 36–45 | 1.28 (1.12–1.46) |  < 0.001 | 0.97 (0.87 (1.08) | 0.561 | 0.47 (0.41–0.53) |  < 0.001 | 0.67 (0.53–0.84) | 0.001 |
 46–55 | 1.35 (1.14–1.60) |  < 0.001 | 0.99 (0.86–1.14) | 0.893 | 0.35 (0.30–0.41) |  < 0.001 | 0.48 (0.36–0.62) |  < 0.001 |
Gender | ||||||||
 Women | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
 Non-binary/other | 1.67 (1.32–2.11) |  < 0.001 | 1.49 (1.21–1.84) |  < 0.001 | 1.25 (0.97–1.59) | 0.080 | 0.77 (0.52–1.13) | 0.182 |
Trans | ||||||||
 No | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
 Yes | 0.91 (0.59–1.41) | 0.669 | 1.10 (0.74–1.64) | 0.632 | 1.30 (0.77–2.18) | 0.326 | 2.57 (0.89–7.45) | 0.082 |
 I don’t know | 1.03 (0.65–1.63) | 0.886 | 1.08 (0.71–1.64) | 0.708 | 1.18 (0.70–1.97) | 0.540 | 1.92 (0.68–5.43) | 0.221 |
Place of birth | ||||||||
 Spain | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
 Latin America | 1.48 (1.22–1.79) |  < 0.001 | 1.14 (0.96–1.37) | 0.142 | 0.82 (0.68–0.99) | 0.044 | 0.64 (0.46–0.87) | 0.005 |
 Europe | 1.36 (1.03–1.80) | 0.032 | 1.08 (0.84–1.38) | 0.554 | 0.97 (0.74–1.26) | 0.795 | 1.03 (0.63–1.67) | 0.908 |
 Other | 2.74 (1.77–4.24) |  < 0.001 | 1.45 (0.96–2.20) | 0.079 | 0.93 (0.58–1.49) | 0.765 | 0.66 (0.31–1.38) | 0.270 |
Administrative situation | ||||||||
 Spanish nationality | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
 Permanent residency | 0.94 (0.74–1.20) | 0.625 | 1.20 (0.97–1.48) | 0.098 | 1.08 (0.86–1.37) | 0.500 | 1.02 (0.68–1.54) | 0.912 |
 Temporal residency | 1.05 (0.71–1.56) | 0.793 | 1.38 (0.96–1.99) | 0.084 | 1.30 (0.84–2.00) | 0.236 | 1.00 (0.50–2.00) | 1.000 |
 No permit/in process | 4.27 (1.94–9.38) |  < 0.001 | 2.95 (1.35–6.49) | 0.007 | 0.95 (0.46–1.94) | 0.883 | 0.46 (0.18–1.16) | 0.099 |
Employment situation | ||||||||
 Working full-time | 1.07 (0.94–1.22) | 0.287 | 1.06 (0.95–1.18) | 0.294 | 1.18 (1.04–1.32) | 0.008 | 1.36 (1.09–1.69) | 0.007 |
 Working part-time | 1.00 (0.88–1.14) | 0.994 | 1.08 (0.97–1.21) | 0.146 | 1.18 (1.05–1.34) | 0.007 | 1.42 (1.12–1.79) | 0.003 |
 Self-employed | 0.71 (0.61–0.83) |  < 0.001 | 0.78 (0.69–0.89) |  < 0.001 | 0.97 (0.84–1.11) | 0.626 | 1.00 (0.77–1.29) | 0.997 |
 Studying full-time | 0.82 (0.71–0.95) | 0.010 | 0.97 (0.85–1.10) | 0.589 | 0.96 (0.82–1.11) | 0.552 | 0.93 (0.71–1.22) | 0.585 |
 Studying part-time | 1.09 (0.95–1.24) | 0.208 | 1.04 (0.93–1.17) | 0.491 | 1.07 (0.94–1.22) | 0.321 | 1.06 (0.82–1.37) | 0.651 |
 Unemployment or COVID19 benefits | 1.20 (1.04–1.40) | 0.015 | 1.22 (1.06–1.39) | 0.004 | 1.17 (1.00–1.37) | 0.040 | 1.08 (0.82–1.42) | 0.589 |
 Pension or retirement | 1.59 (1.07–2.37) | 0.021 | 1.15 (0.81–1.63) | 0.441 | 0.78 (0.54–1.13) | 0.193 | 1.62 (0.71.-3.73) | 0.255 |
 Unpaid carer/houseworker | 1.19 (1.02–1.40) | 0.029 | 1.23 (1.06–1.41) | 0.005 | 1.04 (0.89–1.22) | 0.595 | 0.98 (0.74–1.29) | 0.871 |
Completed education | ||||||||
 Primary education | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
 Secondary education | 0.84 (0.61–1.16) | 0.304 | 0.88 (0.65–1.18) | 0.383 | 1.29 (0.95–1.76) | 0.106 | 1.86 (1.16–2.98) | 0.010 |
 University education | 0.61 (0.44–0.84) | 0.002 | 0.70 (0.52–0.94) | 0.017 | 1.20 (0.88–1.63) | 0.249 | 1.87 (1.18–2.99) | 0.008 |
Financial problems < 12 months | ||||||||
 Always/Many times | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
 Some/A few times | 0.29 (0.27–0.33) |  < 0.001 | 0.44 (0.40–0.49) |  < 0.001 | 0.72 (0.64–0.82) |  < 0.001 | 0.67 (0.52–0.86) | 0.001 |
 Never | 0.06 (0.06–0.07) |  < 0.001 | 0.15 (0.14–0.17) |  < 0.001 | 0.57 (0.50–0.64) |  < 0.001 | 0.48 (0.38–0.61) |  < 0.001 |