Skip to main content

Table 1 Descriptive characteristics of the studied population

From: Changes in socioeconomic resources and mental health after the second COVID-19 wave (2020–2021): a longitudinal study in Switzerland

 

Overall

Not retireda

Retireda

N

1759

1336

423

Age, median (IQR)

53 (40—64)

48 (36—56)

70 (67—74)

Sex

  Female

909 (52%)

722 (54%)

187 (44%)

  Male

846 (48%)

610 (46%)

236 (56%)

  Other

4(0.1%)

4 (0.3%)

0 (0%)

One or more chronic health conditions

621 (35%)

356 (27%)

265 (63%)

SARS-CoV-2 positive test

154 (8.8%)

130 (9.7%)

24 (5.7%)

SARS-CoV-2 Vaccinated

397 (23%)

117 (8.8%)

280 (66%)

Language

  German

886 (50%)

631(47%)

255 (60%)

  Italian

505 (29%)

481 (36%)

24 (5.7%)

  French

353 (20%)

211 (16%)

142 (34%)

  English

15 (0.9%)

13 (1.0%)

2 (0.5%)

Living alone

278 (16%)

190 (14%)

88 (21%)

Loneliness score, median (IQR)b

5 (4—7)

5 (3—7)

6 (4—8)

Worries about Swiss economy, median (IQR)b

3 (2—4)

3 (2—4)

3 (3—4)

Perceived risk to be infected, median (IQR)b

4.4 (2.1—6.5)

4.4 (2.1 – 6.4)

4.6 (1.9 – 6.9)

Change in workload

  No change

1,046 (78%)

1,046 (78%)

0 (0%)

  Increase

150 (11%)

150 (11%)

0 (0%)

  Decrease

140 (10%)

140 (10%)

0 (0%)

Mental health outcomesc

Depression

  Median (IQR)

0 (0—6)

0 (0—6)

0 (0—4)

  Normal

1,472 (84%)

1,102 (82%)

370 (87%)

  Mild to moderate

227 (13%)

183 (14%)

44 (10%)

  Sever to extremely severe

60 (3.4%)

51 (3.8%)

9 (2.1%)

Anxiety

  Median (IQR)

0 (0—2)

0 (0—2)

0 (0—2)

  Normal

1,613 (92%)

1,214 (91%)

399 (94%)

  Mild to moderate

107 (6.1%)

87 (6.6%)

20 (4.7%)

  Sever to extremely severe

39 (2.2%)

35 (2.6%)

4 (0.9%)

Stress

  Median (IQR)

2 (0—10)

2 (0—10)

0 (0—6)

  Normal

1,581 (90%)

1,178 (88%)

403 (95%)

  Mild to moderate

136 (7.7%)

120 (9.0%)

16 (3.8%)

  Sever to extremely severe

42 (2.4%)

38 (2.8%)

4 (0.9%)

  1. a: Participants were grouped in retired or not retired categories according to their employment situation at Q1
  2. b: Loneliness score ranged from 3 (smallest) to 15 (highest). Worries about Swiss economic situation ranged between 1 (smallest) to 5 (highest). Perceived risk to be infected ranged between 0 (no risk) to 10 (very high)
  3. c: Mental health outcomes were assessed between May and September 2021 using the DASS-21 score, with minimum 0 (best outcome) and maximum 42 (worst outcome) score. See details on the instruments in Methods