From: The role of consumer choice in out-of-pocket spending on health
 | 2008 | 2013 | 2018 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | contrib | as % | contrib | as % | contrib | as % |
total OOP spending on health | – 0.0581 | 100 | – 0.0494 | 100 | – 0.0805 | 100 |
medicines | ||||||
    prescribed medicines | – 0.0135 | 23.27 | – 0.0193 | 39.16 | – 0.0223 | 27.75 |
    non-prescribed medicines | – 0.0231 | 39.75 | – 0.0248 | 50.19 | – 0.0285 | 35.89 |
medical goods and equipment | ||||||
    prescribed medical goods | – 0.0042 | 7.29 | – 0.0032 | 6.52 | – 0.0029 | 3.64 |
    non-prescribed medical goods | – 0.0071 | 12.24 | – 0.0077 | 15.63 | – 0.0075 | 9.37 |
    medical equipment and medical aids | – 0.0021 | 3.59 | – 0.0014 | 2.93 | – 0.0077 | 9.56 |
dental care | ||||||
    dental care services | – 0.0014 | 2.38 | 0.0033 | – 6.62 | – 0.0084 | 10.49 |
    materials for crowns and dentures | – 0.0038 | 6.62 | – 0.0034 | 6.82 | – 0.0001 | 0.07 |
ambulatory care | ||||||
    ambulatory medical services | 0.0076 | – 13.06 | 0.0069 | – 13.92 | 0.0024 | – 3.03 |
    admission fee | – 0.0142 | 24.47 |  |  |  |  |
    referred services | – 0.0007 | 1.18 | 0.0016 | – 3.22 | – 0.0038 | 4.72 |
inpatient care | 0.0045 | – 7.71 | – 0.0012 | 2.52 | – 0.0017 | 2.10 |