From: The role of consumer choice in out-of-pocket spending on health
 | 2008 | 2013 | 2018 |
---|---|---|---|
total OOP spending on health | – 0.0581\(^{**}\) | – 0.0494\(^{**}\) | – 0.0805\(^{**}\) |
medicines | |||
    prescribed medicines | – 0.1385\(^{**}\) | – 0.1674\(^{**}\) | – 0.2094\(^{**}\) |
    non-prescribed medicines | – 0.1343\(^{**}\) | – 0.1380\(^{**}\) | – 0.1665\(^{**}\) |
medical goods and equipment | |||
    prescribed medical goods | – 0.1764\(^{**}\) | – 0.1558\(^{**}\) | – 0.1110 |
    non-prescribed medical goods | – 0.1144\(^{**}\) | – 0.1291\(^{**}\) | – 0.1144\(^{**}\) |
    medical equipment and medical aids | – 0.0127 | – 0.0087 | – 0.0426\(^{**}\) |
dental care | |||
    dental care services | – 0.0099 | 0.0185 | – 0.0466\(^{*}\) |
    materials for crowns and dentures | – 0.0361 | – 0.0276 | – 0.0001 |
ambulatory care | |||
    ambulatory medical services | 0.1188\(^{**}\) | 0.1075\(^{**}\) | 0.0383 |
    admission fee | – 0.1994\(^{**}\) |  |  |
    referred services | – 0.0135 | 0.0292 | – 0.0616\(^{**}\) |
inpatient care | 0.0933 | – 0.0299 | – 0.0545 |