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Table 3 Logit decomposition of contribution of various factors in prevalence of self-reported and undiagnosed hypertension among bottom 20% poorest and top 20% richest population, India, LASI, 2017–18

From: Comparing socio-economic inequalities in self-reported and undiagnosed hypertension among adults 45 years and over in India: what explains these inequalities?

 

Self-reported Hypertension

Undiagnosed Hypertension

Coefficient

SE

Percent

   

Coefficient

SE

Percent

   

Due to Difference in Characteristics (E)

0.0711***

0.0087

51.9%

   

0.00245

0.0115

−8.1%

   

Due to Difference in Coefficients (C)

0.0660***

0.0113

48.1%

   

−0.0328***

0.0120

108.1%

   

Overall difference (R)

0.1371***

0.0104

    

−0.03035

0.0123

    

Covariates

Due to Difference in Characteristics (E)

Due to Difference in Coefficients (C)

Due to Difference in Characteristics (E)

Due to Difference in Coefficients (C)

Coefficient

SE

Percent

Coefficient

SE

Percent

Coefficient

SE

Percent

Coefficient

SE

Percent

Age groups

 45–54

            

 55–64

0.00031***

0.000

0.2%

0.00355

0.008

2.6%

−0.00012

0.000

0.4%

− 0.02112**

0.006

69.6%

 65–74

− 0.00171***

0.000

−1.2%

− 0.00579

0.006

−4.2%

− 0.00043

0.000

1.4%

−0.0068

0.006

22.4%

 75+

−0.00229***

0.001

−1.7%

−0.00145

0.004

−1.1%

−0.00070

0.001

2.3%

−0.0024

0.004

7.9%

Gender

 Male

            

 Female

−0.00071*

0.000

−0.5%

0.00180

0.015

1.3%

0.00106

0.001

−3.5%

−0.03724**

0.013

122.7%

Education level

 No education

            

 Primary

0.00066***

0.000

0.5%

0.00501

0.005

3.7%

−0.00028

0.000

0.9%

−0.0051

0.004

17.0%

 Secondary

0.00362***

0.002

2.6%

− 0.00296

0.004

−2.2%

−0.00292

0.004

9.6%

0.0013

0.003

−4.3%

 Higher

0.00830

0.005

6.1%

0.00164

0.002

1.2%

−0.00453

0.005

14.9%

−0.0019

0.002

6.1%

Working Status

 Never worked

            

 Currently working

0.00436***

0.001

3.2%

−0.01894

0.014

−13.8%

− 0.00204

0.002

6.7%

−0.0012

0.012

4.1%

 Not currently working

0.00031

0.000

0.2%

−0.00456

0.007

−3.3%

−0.00015

0.000

0.5%

− 0.0090

0.007

29.7%

Marital Status

 Currently married

            

 Widowed

−0.00179

0.001

−1.3%

0.00069

0.006

0.5%

−0.00212

0.002

7.0%

−0.0025

0.005

8.2%

 D/S/D/Othersa

−0.00011

0.000

0.1%

0.00165

0.001

1.2%

0.00011

0.000

−0.4%

− 0.00301**

0.001

9.9%

Morbidities

Diabetes

  No

            

  Yes

0.02433***

0.002

17.7%

0.00039

0.002

0.3%

−0.01045

0.012

34.4%

− 0.0005

0.003

1.7%

Stroke

  No

            

  Yes

0.00274***

0.001

2.0%

0.00059

0.001

0.4%

−0.00186

0.002

6.1%

−0.0013

0.001

4.2%

Arthritis

  No

            

  Yes

0.00381***

0.001

2.8%

0.00476

0.002

3.5%

−0.00391

0.005

12.9%

−0.0022

0.003

7.1%

Difficulty in ADLb

  No

            

  Yes

0.00018

0.000

0.1%

−0.01273**

0.004

−9.3%

−0.00049

0.001

1.6%

0.0066

0.004

−21.8%

Difficulty in IADLc

  No

            

  Yes

−0.00282*

0.001

−2.1%

0.00876

0.008

6.4%

0.00031

0.001

−1.0%

− 0.0057

0.007

18.6%

BMI categories

  Normal

            

  Underweight

0.00778*

0.004

5.7%

0.00585

0.007

4.3%

0.00976

0.009

−32.2%

−0.0046

0.006

15.2%

  Overweight/obese

0.02563***

0.004

18.7%

0.00694

0.004

5.1%

0.00993

0.013

−32.7%

0.0000

0.004

0.0%

Lifestyle factors

Moderate activities

  Inactive

            

  Active

0.00032*

0.000

0.2%

−0.02912*

0.014

−21.2%

− 0.00007

0.000

0.2%

0.0097

0.011

−31.9%

Vigorous activities

  Inactive

            

  Active

− 0.00011

0.000

0.1%

0.00617

0.008

4.5%

−0.00007

0.000

0.2%

0.0020

0.007

−6.5%

Smoking Status

  Never

            

  Former

−0.00011

0.000

0.1%

− 0.00249

0.001

−1.8%

0.00000

0.000

0.0%

0.0022

0.001

−7.1%

  Current

0.00018

0.000

0.1%

−0.00148

0.004

− 1.1%

0.00018

0.000

−0.6%

− 0.0016

0.003

5.3%

Chewing tobacco Status

  Never

            

  Former

0.00000

0.000

0.0%

−0.00114

0.002

− 0.8%

− 0.00004

0.000

0.1%

0.0016

0.001

−5.2%

  Current

0.00324

0.002

2.4%

−0.00235

0.005

−1.7%

−0.00249

0.002

8.2%

0.0050

0.005

−16.5%

Alcohol use

  No

            

  Yes

−0.00056

0.001

−0.4%

0.00214

0.004

1.6%

−0.00078

0.001

2.6%

−0.0016

0.003

5.1%

Household factors

Religion

  Hindu

            

  Muslim

−0.00198*

0.001

−1.4%

0.00199

0.004

1.5%

−0.00002

0.001

0.0%

−0.0015

0.004

4.8%

  Christian

0.00003

0.000

0.0%

−0.00130

0.001

−1.0%

0.00012

0.000

−0.4%

−0.0011

0.001

3.6%

  Othersd

0.00176

0.001

1.3%

0.00105

0.001

0.8%

−0.00003

0.001

0.1%

0.0004

0.001

−1.3%

Caste

  Scheduled Caste

  Scheduled Tribe

0.00858*

0.004

6.3%

−0.00073

0.006

−0.5%

0.00077

0.003

−2.5%

−0.0041

0.005

13.4%

  OBCe

−0.00007

0.000

0.0%

−0.01530

0.012

−11.2%

−0.00001

0.000

0.0%

−0.0102

0.011

33.6%

  Others

−0.00335

0.004

−2.4%

−0.00296

0.004

−2.2%

−0.00202

0.004

6.7%

−0.0015

0.004

4.9%

Place of Residence

  Rural

            

  Urban

0.00027**

0.000

0.2%

−0.01032

0.006

−7.5%

− 0.00008

0.000

0.2%

−0.0042

0.007

13.9%

  State

  Tamil Nadu

            

  Jammu & Kashmir

0.00033

0.001

0.2%

−0.00015

0.000

−0.1%

−0.00118

0.001

3.9%

−0.0001

0.000

0.4%

  Himachal Pradesh

0.00095*

0.000

0.7%

0.00010

0.000

0.1%

−0.00012

0.000

0.4%

−0.0002

0.000

0.6%

  Punjab

0.00336*

0.002

2.5%

−0.00019

0.000

−0.1%

−0.00104

0.002

3.4%

−0.0003

0.000

1.0%

  Chandigarh

0.00008*

0.000

0.1%

0.00000

0.000

0.0%

−0.00003

0.000

0.1%

0.0000

0.000

0.0%

  Uttarakhand

0.00006

0.000

0.0%

0.00051

0.000

0.4%

0.00001

0.000

0.0%

−0.0003

0.000

0.8%

  Haryana

0.00126**

0.000

0.9%

−0.00027

0.001

−0.2%

−0.00038

0.001

1.2%

0.0003

0.001

−1.1%

  Delhi

0.00001

0.000

0.0%

−0.00026

0.001

−0.2%

−0.00001

0.000

0.0%

0.0002

0.001

−0.6%

  Rajasthan

0.00068

0.000

0.5%

0.00025

0.002

0.2%

−0.00032

0.000

1.1%

0.0006

0.002

−2.1%

  Uttar Pradesh

−0.00509*

0.002

−3.7%

0.01831***

0.006

13.4%

0.00480

0.005

−15.8%

−0.0050

0.005

16.5%

  Bihar

−0.01576***

0.003

−11.5%

0.02031***

0.006

14.8%

0.01161

0.010

−38.3%

−0.01928**

0.006

63.5%

  Arunachal Pradesh

0.00051**

0.000

0.4%

0.00011

0.000

0.1%

−0.00002

0.000

0.1%

0.0000

0.000

0.0%

  Nagaland

0.00014

0.000

0.1%

0.00012

0.000

0.1%

0.00025

0.000

−0.8%

0.0000

0.000

0.0%

  Manipur

0.00006

0.000

0.0%

0.00005

0.000

0.0%

−0.00018

0.000

0.6%

0.0000

0.000

0.1%

  Mizoram

−0.00001

0.000

0.0%

−0.00004

0.000

0.0%

0.00001

0.000

0.0%

0.0000

0.000

−0.1%

  Tripura

0.00034***

0.000

0.2%

0.00031*

0.000

0.2%

−0.00017

0.000

0.6%

−0.00039**

0.000

1.3%

  Meghalaya

−0.00011***

0.000

0.1%

0.00021

0.000

0.2%

−0.00001

0.000

0.0%

−0.0001

0.000

0.2%

  Assam

−0.00086***

0.000

−0.6%

0.00068

0.001

0.5%

0.00024

0.000

−0.8%

−0.0018

0.001

5.9%

  West Bengal

0.00048

0.000

0.4%

−0.00079

0.003

−0.6%

−0.00017

0.000

0.5%

0.0007

0.003

−2.4%

  Jharkhand

−0.00174

0.001

−1.3%

0.00279

0.001

2.0%

0.00047

0.001

−1.5%

−0.0018

0.001

6.0%

  Odisha

−0.00415**

0.002

−3.0%

0.00746

0.003

5.4%

0.00199

0.002

−6.6%

−0.0037

0.003

12.3%

  Chhattisgarh

−0.00120

0.002

−0.9%

0.00104

0.002

0.8%

−0.00047

0.001

1.6%

−0.0019

0.002

6.4%

  Madhya Pradesh

−0.00013

0.000

0.1%

0.00518

0.003

3.8%

0.00018

0.000

−0.6%

−0.0055

0.003

18.1%

  Gujarat

0.00002

0.000

0.0%

0.00223

0.002

1.6%

−0.00001

0.000

0.0%

−0.0030

0.002

10.0%

  Daman & Diu

0.00001

0.000

0.0%

0.00000

0.000

0.0%

0.00000

0.000

0.0%

0.0000

0.000

0.0%

  Dadra & Nagar Haveli

−0.00001

0.000

0.0%

0.00004

0.000

0.0%

0.00000

0.000

0.0%

0.0000

0.000

0.0%

  Maharashtra

−0.00022

0.000

−0.2%

0.00019

0.004

0.1%

−0.00003

0.000

0.1%

−0.0009

0.004

3.0%

  Andhra Pradesh

0.00483***

0.001

3.5%

0.00155

0.001

1.1%

−0.00045

0.001

1.5%

−0.0011

0.001

3.7%

  Karnataka

0.00287

0.005

2.1%

0.00225

0.004

1.6%

0.00151

0.006

−5.0%

0.0006

0.003

−2.1%

  Goa

0.00025***

0.000

0.2%

0.00002

0.000

0.0%

−0.00010

0.000

0.3%

0.0000

0.000

0.1%

  Lakshadweep

0.00000

0.000

0.0%

0.00000

0.000

0.0%

0.00000

0.000

0.0%

0.0000

0.000

0.0%

  Kerala

0.00013

0.000

0.1%

0.00046

0.001

0.3%

0.00009

0.000

−0.3%

−0.0001

0.001

0.2%

  Puducherry

−0.00005

0.000

0.0%

0.00006

0.000

0.0%

0.00005

0.000

−0.2%

−0.0001

0.000

0.3%

  Andaman & Nicobar Islands

0.00002***

0.000

0.0%

0.00000

0.000

0.0%

0.00000

0.000

0.0%

0.0000

0.000

0.0%

  Telangana

0.00210***

0.001

1.5%

0.00091

0.001

0.7%

−0.00122

0.001

4.0%

−0.0012

0.001

4.1%

Intercept

   

0.06320

0.052

46.1%

   

0.11302*

0.050

−372.4%

  1. Note.adivorced, separated, and deserted
  2. bActivities of daily living
  3. cInstrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL)
  4. dincludes Sikh, Buddhist/neo-Buddhist, Jain, Parsi/Zoroastrian and others; and
  5. eOther Backward Classes, HT-hypertension
  6. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001