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Table 3 Erreygers-corrected CInds for health care services utilisation by region

From: Persistent inequalities in health care services utilisation in Brazil (1998–2019)

 

South

North

North-East

South-East

Midwest

Year

CInd

95% CI

Obs

CInd

95% CI

Obs

CInd

95% CI

Obs

CInd

95% CI

Obs

CInd

95% CI

Obs

 

Any doctor visit in the past year

1998

0.110***

(0.091–0.130)

37,788

0.076***

(0.044–0.107)

14,229

0.135***

(0.121–0.149)

66,154

0.100***

(0.087–0.112)

75,583

0.088***

(0.069–0.107)

23,146

2003

0.127***

(0.113–0.142)

41,431

0.087***

(0.069–0.106)

25,259

0.144***

(0.132–0.156)

80,087

0.108***

(0.098–0.118)

79,553

0.103***

(0.087–0.119)

27,636

2008

0.085***

(0.073–0.097)

41,503

0.067***

(0.046–0.089)

26,020

0.112***

(0.102–0.121)

84,468

0.079***

(0.071–0.088)

83,143

0.084***

(0.069–0.100)

29,904

2013

0.104***

(0.071–0.136)

7,548

0.112***

(0.068–0.155)

9,531

0.091***

(0.068–0.114)

18,305

0.118***

(0.093–0.142)

14,293

0.068***

(0.035–0.101)

7,518

2019

0.067***

(0.045–0.090)

11,275

0.099***

(0.066–0.132)

12,341

0.118***

(0.101–0.134)

30,699

0.084***

(0.064–0.104)

19,432

0.047***

(0.020–0.074)

10,180

 

Hospitalisation in the past year (excluding labour and delivery)

1998

-0.012***

(-0.020–-0.004)

37,788

-0.012**

(-0.023–-0.001)

14,229

0.001

(-0.004–0.005)

66,152

-0.000

(-0.005–0.005)

75,585

-0.015***

(-0.023–-0.007)

23,145

2003

0.007**

(0.000–0.013)

41,431

0.003

(-0.005–0.011)

25,258

0.012***

(0.007–0.017)

80,083

0.003

(-0.002–0.007)

79,551

-0.008**

(-0.016–-0.001)

27,636

2008

-0.006*

(-0.013–0.000)

41,503

-0.011**

(-0.019–-0.003)

26,020

0.006***

(0.002–0.011)

84,468

0.004*

(-0.001–0.008)

83,143

-0.004

(-0.013–0.004)

29,904

2013

-0.012

(-0.031–0.006)

7,548

0.009

(-0.015–0.033)

9,531

0.004

(-0.009–0.018)

18,305

0.005

(-0.008–0.017)

14,293

-0.004

(-0.020–0.013)

7,518

2019

-0.019***

(-0.033–-0.005)

11,275

0.014**

(0.001–0.026)

12,341

0.021***

(0.012–0.029)

30,699

0.004

(-0.008–0.015)

19,432

0.011

(-0.006–0.028)

10,180

 

Any surgery in the past year

1998

0.008***

(0.005–0.012)

37,788

0.002

(-0.003–0.008)

14,229

0.008***

(0.005–0.010)

66,152

0.014***

(0.011–0.017)

75,585

0.010***

(0.006–0.015)

23,145

2003

0.017***

(0.013–0.021)

41,431

0.005**

(0.000–0.009)

25,258

0.011***

(0.009–0.014)

80,083

0.013***

(0.010–0.016)

79,551

0.011***

(0.007–0.015)

27,636

2008

0.010***

(0.006–0.014)

41,503

0.003

(-0.001–0.007)

26,020

0.009***

(0.007–0.011)

84,468

0.013***

(0.010–0.016)

83,143

0.013***

(0.008–0.017)

29,904

2013

0.014**

(0.002–0.027)

7,548

0.008

(-0.006–0.022)

9,531

0.013***

(0.005–0.021)

18,305

0.006

(-0.003–0.014)

14,293

0.002

(-0.009–0.014)

7,518

2019

0.001

(-0.009–0.010)

11,275

0.012**

(0.002–0.021)

12,341

0.016***

(0.011–0.022)

30,699

0.014***

(0.006–0.022)

19,432

0.013***

(0.004–0.022)

10,180

 

Use of Pap smears in the past three years (women 25–59 years of age)

2003

0.182***

(0.165–0.198)

14,440

0.198***

(0.160–0.237)

8,570

0.181***

(0.162–0.200)

26,741

0.163***

(0.150–0.177)

27,655

0.182***

(0.158–0.205)

9,733

2008

0.137***

(0.119–0.156)

14,562

0.111***

(0.090–0.132)

9,188

0.126***

(0.108–0.144)

29,191

0.123***

(0.112–0.135)

29,232

0.146***

(0.125–0.167)

10,886

2013

0.168***

(0.118–0.219)

2,793

0.143***

(0.075–0.210)

3,960

0.117***

(0.079–0.155)

7,168

0.146***

(0.107–0.185)

5,449

0.124***

(0.081–0.167)

2,919

2019

0.117***

(0.085–0.149)

3,674

0.081***

(0.038–0.124)

4,502

0.141***

(0.115–0.167)

10,668

0.099***

(0.070–0.127)

6,364

0.151***

(0.109–0.192)

3,570

 

Use of mammograms in the past two years (women 50–69 years of age)

2003

0.391***

(0.359–0.424)

4,948

0.314***

(0.263–0.364)

2,109

0.314***

(0.289–0.339)

8,217

0.334***

(0.310–0.357)

9,301

0.404***

(0.362–0.447)

2,614

2008

0.298***

(0.269–0.328)

5,619

0.309***

(0.262–0.356)

2,420

0.317***

(0.294–0.340)

9,601

0.255***

(0.233–0.276)

11,078

0.354***

(0.315–0.393)

3,229

2013

0.335***

(0.252–0.417)

1,232

0.365***

(0.269–0.460)

1,028

0.275***

(0.213–0.337)

2,594

0.300***

(0.233–0.366)

2,393

0.308***

(0.225–0.391)

1,125

2019

0.200***

(0.133–0.266)

2,083

0.257***

(0.182–0.332)

1,870

0.257***

(0.208–0.306)

5,141

0.224***

(0.173–0.274)

3,644

0.150***

(0.080–0.221)

1,780

  1. Erreygers-corrected concentration indices (CInds), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and total observations for all outcome variables associated with utilisation of health care services are presented; *p < 0.1; **p < 0.05; ***p < 0.01. The values presented are parameter estimates of the concentration index (CInd) ranging from -1 (perfect pro-poor inequality) to + 1 (perfect pro-rich inequality). The associated p-value helps to determine whether the association also exists in the larger population
  2. Sources: PNAD 1998, 2003, and 2008, PNS 2013 and 2019, and the authors’ calculations