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Table 2 Erreygers-corrected CInds for health care utilisation variables

From: Persistent inequalities in health care services utilisation in Brazil (1998–2019)

 

1998

2003

2008

2013

2019

Variables

CInd

95% CI

CInd

95% CI

CInd

95% CI

CInd

95% CI

CInd

95% CI

Any doctor visit in the past year

0.121***

(0.111–0.130)

0.136***

(0.128–0.143)

0.105***

(0.099–0.111)

0.135***

(0.122–0.149)

0.114***

(0.103–0.124)

Hospitalisation in the past year (excluding labour and delivery)

-0.004***

(-0.007–0.001)

0.004***

(0.001–0.007)

0.003*

(-0.000–0.005)

0.003

(-0.005–0.010)

0.010***

(0.004–0.016)

Any surgery in the past year

0.011***

(0.010–0.013)

0.014***

(0.012–0.015)

0.013***

(0.011–0.015)

0.011***

(0.006–0.016)

0.016***

(0.012–0.021)

Use of Pap smears in the past three years (women aged 25–59 years)

  

0.201***

(0.191–0.210)

0.145***

(0.136–0.154)

0.156***

(0.135–0.177)

0.137***

(0.121–0.152)

Use of mammograms in the past two years (women aged 50–69 years)

  

0.410***

(0.395–0.424)

0.348***

(0.334–0.361)

0.359***

(0.321–0.396)

0.265***

(0.235–0.294)

  1. Erreygers-corrected Concentration Indices (CInds) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) are presented for all outcome variables associated with health care services utilisation. The values presented are parameter estimates of the concentration index (CInd) ranging from -1 (perfect pro-poor inequality) to + 1 (perfect pro-rich inequality). The associated p-value helps to determine whether the association also exists in the larger population. Total sample sizes (N) for each outcome-year are presented in Table 1. The outcome variable “hospitalisation in the past year” excludes hospital admissions for labour and delivery, including both vaginal birth and Caesarean sections; *p < 0.1; **p < 0.05; ***p < 0.01
  2. Sources: PNAD 1998, 2003, and 2008, PNS 2013 and 2019, and the authors’ calculations