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Table 5 Adjusted prevalence ratio for the metabolic syndrome and its components, according to the quartiles of the percentage of energy consumption from ultra-processed foods percentage energy contribution from the consumption of ultra-processed foods in relation to total energy intake, by quilombola women in the state of Alagoas, Brazil, 2018

From: Ultra-processed food consumption and metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional study in Quilombola communities of Alagoas, Brazil

Desfechos

Quartiles of the percentage of energy consumption from ultra-processed foods

p-value

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

PR (95% CI)

PR (95% CI)

PR (95% CI)

PR (95% CI)

Arterial hypertension

 Model 1

1.00

1.31 (1.06–1.62)

1.21 (0.97–1.50)

1.16 (0.91–1.49)

0.014a

 Model 2

1.00

1.31 (1.06–1.62)

1.20 (0.97–1.50)

1.16 (0.91–1.49)

0.014a

 Model 3

1.00

1.30 (1.06–1.61)

1.20 (0.97–1.51)

1.17 (0.92–1.48)

0.013a

Diabetes mellitus

 Model 1

1.00

1.22 (0.93–1.60)

1.22 (0.91–1.62)

0.92 (0.66–1.28)

0.612b

 Model 2

1.00

1.21 (0.92–1.60)

1.22 (0.92–1.63)

0.91 (0.66–1.27)

0.601b

 Model 3

1.00

1.21 (0.92–1.58)

1.19 (0.90–1.59)

0.89 (0.64–1.24)

0.498b

Abdominal obesity

 Model 1

1.00

0.98 (0.87–1.11)

0.94 (0.83–1.07)

1.13 (1.01–1.26)

0.038a

 Model 2

1.00

0.98 (0.87–1.11)

0.94 (0.83–1.07)

1.13 (1.01–1.26)

0.038a

 Model 3

1.00

1.04 (0.95–1.13)

1.02 (0.95–1.10)

1.06 (0.98–1.15)

0.136b

HDL low

 Model 1

1.00

0.97 (0.87–1.07)

0.93 (0.83–1.03)

0.95 (0.86–1.06)

0.398b

 Model 2

1.00

0.97 (0.88–1.08)

0.94 (0.84–1.04)

0.96 (0.86–1.06)

0.436b

 Model 3

1.00

0.97 (0.88–1.07)

0.93 (0.83–1.03)

0.96 (0.87–1.07)

0.466b

Hypertriglyceridemia

 Model 1

1.00

0.93 (0.72–1.20)

1.09 (0.86–1.39)

0.98 (0.76–1.28)

0.919b

 Model 2

1.00

0.93 (0.72–1.20)

1.09 (0.86–1.40)

0.96 (0.74–1.25)

0.766b

 Model 3

1.00

0.93 (0.72–1.20)

1.13 (0.89–1.43)

0.98 (0.75–1.27)

0.865b

MetS

 Model 1

1.00

1.02 (0.83–1.24)

1.08 (0.88–1.31)

1.11 (0.89–1.36)

0.340b

 Model 2

1.00

1.02 (0.83–1.24)

1.08 (0.89–1.32)

1.11 (0.90–1.36)

0.418b

 Model 3

1.00

1.03 (0.86–1.24)

1.14 (0.95 -1.37)

1.09 (0.89–1.32)

0.391b

  1. PR Prevalence ratio, 95%CI 95% confidence intervals, Q1 1st quarter, Q2 2 nd quarter, Q3 3rd quarter, Q4 4th quarter, MetS Metabolic syndrome
  2. Model 1: Adjusted for demographic and socioeconomic characteristics whose in the crude analysis showed p ≤ 0.20 (age, race/skin color, marital status, schooling, family participation in a government program, family income, employment status and food insecurity—See Supplementary Table 5)
  3. Model 2: Adjusted for lifestyle and health variables whose in the crude analysis showed p ≤ 0.20 (smoking and health problems in the last 15 days) added to the variables of model 1 that showed p < 0.05 in the analysis for the aforementioned model (these variables were different for each outcome evaluated; only age was present in the analysis for all outcomes)—See Supplementary Table 5
  4. Model 3: Adjusted for anthropometric variables whose in the crude analysis showed p ≤ 0.20 (excess weight and neck circumference) plus the variables from model 1 that showed p < 0.05 in the analysis for the aforementioned model (these variables were different for each outcome evaluated; only age was present in the analysis for all outcomes). The lifestyle and health variables were not part of this final model as they did not present p < 0.05 in the analysis of model 2—See Supplementary Table 5
  5. aValues reported only for the quartile in bold that presented association; bvalues referring to the 4th quartile of each model