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Table 2 OLS estimations for waiting time in primary care. 2011–2019

From: Waiting times in healthcare: equal treatment for equal need?

Waiting times in primary care

Model 1

Model 2

Education

  No qualifications

Ref

  Primary studies

0.003

-0.007

(0.029)

(0.023)

  Secondary studies

0.011

-0.009

(0.030)

(0.023)

  University studies

0.000

-0.031

(0.031)

(0.022)

Employment status

  Inactive

Ref

  Retirement pensioner

-0.005

-0.003

(0.013)

(0.014)

  Unemployed

-0.012

-0.010

(0.014)

(0.017)

  Employed

0.004

0.004

(0.025)

(0.026)

Gender

  Male

Ref

  Female

0.043***

0.038***

(0.011)

(0.011)

Severity

  Age (years)

    18 to 24

Ref

    35 to 44

-0.050***

-0.049***

(0.010)

(0.010)

    45 to 64

-0.042***

-0.041***

(0.009)

(0.010)

    65 to 75

-0.064***

-0.066***

(0.015)

(0.017)

    75 or more

-0.129***

-0.132***

(0.026)

(0.026)

Chronic illness

  Presence of chronic illness

0.058***

0.053***

(0.012)

(0.013)

GP visits

  1 visit

Ref

  2 visits

0.029*

0.030*

(0.016)

(0.017)

  3 or more visits

0.038*

0.040*

(0.018)

(0.019)

Area of residence

  Urban

Ref

  Rural

 

-0.236***

 

(0.043)

Citizenship status

  Native Spanish

Ref

  Spanish acquired

 

0.060***

 

(0.016)

  Foreign

 

0.033

 

(0.028)

Fluency

  High

Ref

  Medium

 

-0.066**

 

(0.029)

  Low

 

-0.105

 

(0.072)

Private healthcare visits

  0 visits

Ref

  1 to 2 visits

 

0.006

 

(0.020)

  3 or more visits

 

0.128**

 

(0.049)

Region fixed effects

Yes

Yes

Year fixed effects

Yes

Yes

Constant

0.893***

0.945***

(0.052)

(0.046)

Observations

24,935

24,935

R-squared

0.249

0.261

AIC

51325

50919

BIC

51455

51049

  1. 1Our individual of reference is a male with no studies; inactive; between 18 and 34 years old; no chronic disease; no visit to private GPs; Spanish; fluent and living in an urban area
  2. 2Model 1: SES, severity variables and time and region fixed effects. M2: M1 + area of residence + immigrant status + Spanish fluency
  3. 3Double nationality: Spanish nationality and other
  4. 4Standard errors are shown in parentheses. *** p < 0.01, ** p < 0.05, * p < 0.1