Table 1 PubMed Search Syntax

Concept 1: Public Health Research Method

Keywords: research method, research approach, study method, study approach, public health study method, public health research method, study design, study measures, racial health disparities research, race research, critical race research, anti-racism research, anti-violence research, study tools

MeSH: “Research Design” [MeSH], "Epidemiologic Research Design"[Mesh]

Final Search Syntax: “Research Design” [MeSH] OR "Epidemiologic Research Design"[Mesh] OR “research method*” [tiab] OR “research approach*” [tiab] OR “study method*” [tiab] OR “study approach*” [tiab] OR “study design” [tiab] OR “study measure*” OR “study tools” [tiab]

Concept 2: Structural Racism

Keywords: racism, systematic racism, systemic racism, structural discrimination, systematic discrimination, systemic discrimination, new racism, racial structure, racial discourse, racial practices, reverse racism, colorblind racism, institutionalized racism, internalized racism, implicit bias, structural violence, black-white disparities, racism, racial trauma, historical trauma, racial stress, racial marginalization, systemic racial disparities, structural racial disparities, institutional racial disparities, residential segregation, racial segregation, redlining, system-level discrimination, system-level racism, system-level disparities, racial bias, racial justice system,

MeSH: "Racism"[Mesh], "Systemic Racism"[Mesh], "Race Factors"[Mesh], "Social Segregation"[Mesh], "Ethnic and Racial Minorities"[Mesh], "Bias, Implicit"[Mesh]

Final Search Syntax: "Racism"[Mesh] OR "Systemic Racism"[Mesh] OR "Race Factors"[Mesh] OR "Social Segregation"[Mesh] OR "Ethnic and Racial Minorities"[Mesh] OR "Bias, Implicit"[Mesh] OR racism [tiab] OR “structural discrimination” [tiab] OR “systematic discrimination” [tiab] OR “systemic discrimination” [tiab] OR “new racism” [tiab] OR “racial structure” [tiab] OR “racial discourse” [tiab] OR “reverse racism” [tiab] OR “institutionalized racism” [tiab] OR “internalized racism” [tiab] OR “implicit bias” [tiab] OR “structural violence” [tiab] OR “black-white disparities” [tiab] OR racism [tiab] OR “racial trauma” [tiab] OR “historical trauma” [tiab] OR “racial stress” [tiab] OR “residential segregation” [tiab] OR “racial segregation” [tiab] OR redlining [tiab] OR “racial bias” [tiab]

Concept 3: Social determinants of Health

Keywords: Determinants of health, environmental factors of health, social factors of health, built environment for health, behavioral determinants of health, social conditions for health, social services, social spending, social welfare, housing, education, income support, nutrition, food stamp, SNAP, public safety, transportation, health outcomes, health savings, health costs, health spending, health expenditure, structural determinants of health, determinants of mental health, social determinants of mental health,

MeSH: "Social Determinants of Health"[Mesh], "Built Environment"[Mesh], "Social Welfare"[Mesh], "Housing Instability"[Mesh], "Food Assistance"[Mesh], "Health Expenditures"[Mesh]

Final Search Syntax: "Social Determinants of Health"[Mesh] OR "Built Environment"[Mesh] OR "Social Welfare"[Mesh] OR "Housing Instability"[Mesh] OR "Food Assistance"[Mesh] OR "Health Expenditures"[Mesh] OR “determinants of health” [tiab] OR “social service*” [tiab] OR “social spending” [tiab] OR “social welfare” [tiab] OR housing [tiab] OR education [tiab] OR “income support” [tiab] OR nutrition [tiab] OR “food stamp” [tiab] OR SNAP [tiab] OR “public safety” [tiab] OR transportation [tiab] OR “health outcomes” [tiab] OR “health savings” [tiab] OR “health costs” [tiab] OR “health spending” [tiab] OR “health expenditure” [tiab] OR “structural determinants of health” [tiab] OR “determinants of mental health” [tiab] OR “social determinants of mental health” [tiab]