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Table 4 GHANA—Two-segmented Poisson GEE Model Log(Uptake) parameter estimates (AR[1] working correlation) using all available 26 datapoints (9 pre-, 17 post) (excluding intervention roll-out phase)

From: Impact of community and provider-driven social accountability interventions on contraceptive uptake in Ghana and Tanzania

Control Arm

Intervention Arm

Parameter description

Parameter estimate

(Log Uptake)

(αi)

SE

95%CI

p>-value

Parameter description

Parameter estimate

(Log Uptake)

(αi)

SE

95%CI

p-value

LL

UL

LL

UL

Pre-Intervention phase (Pre-Step 1)

Pre-Intervention phase (Pre-Step 1)

 Baseline Level, (α0)

4.777

0.206

4.374

5.181

 < 0.0001*

 Excess level, (α4)

(vs Control)

-0.088

0.350

-0.774

0.599

0.80**

 Trend (α1)

0.003

0.013

-0.022

0.028

0.83*

 Excess trend (α5)

(vs Control)

0.038

0.030

-0.020

0.096

0.20**

Post-Intervention phase (Post Step 6)

Post-Intervention phase (Post Step 6)

 Excess level (α2)

( vs control grp pre-intervention baseline level)

-0.023

0.214

-0.442

0.395

0.91

 Excess level (α6)

( vs Control)

0.657

0.368

-0.065

1.378

0.074Â¥

 Excess trend (α3)

(vs control grp pre-intervention trend)

-0.015

0.013

-0.040

0.010

0.23

 Excess trend (α7)

(vs control)

-0.056

0.031

-0.116

0.0047

0.071Â¥

  1. * p-value < 0.05 indicates that uptake baseline levels and/or trends during pre-intervention phase, for the control facilities, is significantly different from zero
  2. p-value < 0.05 indicates that the post-intervention phase uptake level and/or trend, for the control facilities, is statistically significant (vs pre-intervention phase)
  3. ** p-value < 0.05 indicates that the pre-intervention uptake level and/or trend, for the CaPSAI facilities is significantly different from the Control group facilities) (i.e. excess pre-intervention change ( is significant)
  4. ¥ p-value < 0.05 indicates that excess uptake level and/or trend in Intervention arm during post intervention phase is statistically significantly different from the excess change in the Control arm (The p-value tests the overall effectiveness of the CaPSAI on changing the level and/or trend in contraceptives uptake, after all known pre-intervention and other confounding factors in both groups have been accounted for