Table 2 Factors affecting inequality in the distribution of Covid-19 vaccine

Macro level (country)

Economic

Stability and country’s economic status

[32,33,34,35]

GDP per capita

[35,36,37,38]

Financial support

[33, 36]

Human development index

[35, 36]

Infrastructure and health system

Appropriate information system

[33]

Functional cold chains in vaccine

Transport

[33]

Transport infrastructure

[33]

Medical and non-medical facilities per capita

[32, 37]

Healthcare provision and access

[32, 33]

Healthcare quality

[32]

Legal and politics

Vaccination allocation rules

[33]

Health policies

[37]

Political ideology

[32]

Racial bias

[32]

Epidemiologic and Demographic

Covid-19 incidence rate

[32, 36, 39]

Covid-19 deaths rate

[36, 40]

Life expectancy

[36]

Vulnerability to covid-19

[36]

Working in medical setting

[40]

Comorbidities

[40]

Social vulnerability

[41]

Incarceration index

[34]

Education index

[32, 34, 42]

Micro level (individual)

Economic characteristics

Household’s income

[33, 39, 40, 42,43,44,45,46]

Home ownership

[39]

Employment

[34, 39, 43]

Poverty

[36, 43, 47]

Access to healthy food

[39]

Residency in the deprived areas

[45, 47,48,49]

Demographic and social characteristics

Sex

[39, 49]

Age

[34, 36, 39, 40, 42, 44,45,46, 48, 50, 51]

Race

[32, 34, 40,41,42,43,44, 48, 51,52,53]

Ethnic

[41, 44, 45, 48, 49, 52, 53]

Religion

[48]

Disability

[48]

Location (urban/rural)

[39, 46, 49]

Insurance coverage

[39]