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Table 2 Inequality in the proportion of population with sufficient MVPA: 2019–2021

From: Refining index to measure physical activity inequality: which group of the population is the most vulnerable?

Characteristics

SPA2019

(n = 6,331)

SPA2020

(n = 6,756)

SPA2021

(n = 6,344)

%

S.D

95% CI

Diff.

Chi- square

%

S.D

95% CI

Diff.

Chi- square

%

S.D

95% CI

Diff.

Chi- square

Lower

Upper

Lower

Upper

Lower

Upper

Sex

 Male

76.1

42.7

74.6

77.6

3.6

26.905 ***

60.7

48.8

59.1

62.4

8.2

44.665 ***

68.6

46.1

67.0

70.3

5.9

32.703 ***

 Female

72.5

44.7

71.0

74.1

52.5

49.9

50.8

54.2

62.7

48.3

61.0

64.3

Age group (years)

 Yong adult (18–24)

69.2

46.2

65.5

72.8

6.1

11.409 **

56.4

49.6

53.8

59.0

3.7

2.187

63.4

48.2

60.4

66.4

9.7

40.105 ***

 Prime working age (25–59)

75.3

43.1

74.0

76.6

57.0

49.5

55.6

58.4

68.0

46.5

66.6

69.4

 Older adults (60 +)

73.4

44.2

71.1

75.6

53.3

49.9

48.5

58.1

58.3

49.0

55.5

61.2

Region

 North

71.1

45.3

68.7

73.5

11.8

83.640 ***

57.3

49.5

55.1

59.5

8.9

21.226 ***

65.9

47.0

63.7

68.2

8.6

14.038 **

 Central

80.5

39.6

78.5

82.5

53.9

49.8

51.8

56.1

64.9

47.7

62.8

67.0

 Northeast

68.7

46.4

66.4

71.0

61.0

48.8

58.0

64.0

67.4

46.9

64.2

70.6

 South

78.7

41.0

76.5

81.0

60.4

48.8

57.3

63.5

69.5

45.9

66.3

72.6

 Bangkok

70.0

45.9

66.2

74.0

52.1

50.0

48.7

55.6

60.9

48.7

57.7

65.1

Area of residence

 Urban

74.2

43.8

72.7

75.6

0.1

0.067

55.4

49.7

53.9

56.9

3.7

7.364 **

64.7

47.7

63.2

66.1

2.5

4.311 *

 Rural

74.3

43.7

72.7

75.9

59.1

49.2

57.1

61.1

67.2

46.7

65.2

69.2

Occupation

 Agriculture

83.1

37.5

80.9

85.4

15.7

89.552 ***

68.9

46.4

64.6

73.2

17.3

52.967 ***

72.6

44.1

70.0

76.3

15.2

67.187 ***

 Formal sector

73.3

44.3

71.0

75.9

56.7

49.5

54.8

58.6

66.3

47.3

64.3

68.2

 Informal sector

75.1

43.2

73.5

76.8

56.4

49.6

54.5

58.2

67.6

46.8

65.6

69.5

 Unemployed

67.4

46.9

65.1

69.8

51.6

50.0

48.1

55.2

57.4

49.3

54.5

60.3

Education

 Primary or less

73.9

44.0

72.2

75.5

1.2

0.930

53.7

49.9

50.1

57.4

3.9

39.340 ***

59.5

49.1

56.5

62.4

8.0

95.627 ***

 Secondary

74.3

43.8

72.5

76.0

57.6

49.4

55.6

59.6

67.3

46.9

65.3

69.4

 Post-secondary

75.1

43.3

72.7

77.4

56.8

49.5

55.1

58.4

67.5

46.9

65.8

69.1

Have a chronic disease

 Yes

75.8

42.9

73.9

77.7

2.2

2.471

62.0

48.5

59.7

64.3

7.2

38.613 ***

64.5

47.7

62.5

66.6

1.5

0.806

 No

73.6

44.1

72.2

74.9

54.8

49.7

53.4

56.2

66.0

47.2

64.6

67.5

Income (baht per month)

 No Income

63.2

48.2

60.3

66.2

15.0

21.530 ***

n.a

n.a

n.a

n.a

n.a

n.a

55.3

49.8

50.8

59.8

16.6

156.721 ***

  < 3,500

71.3

45.4

64.3

78.2

n.a

n.a

n.a

n.a

60.7

48.9

57.0

64.3

 3,500—10,000

73.0

44.4

70.2

75.7

n.a

n.a

n.a

n.a

68.5

46.5

66.2

70.8

 10,001 – 15,000

71.5

45.2

68.3

74.8

n.a

n.a

n.a

n.a

65.0

47.7

62.2

67.9

 15,001 – 30,000

75.9

42.8

72.5

79.2

n.a

n.a

n.a

n.a

69.2

46.2

66.5

71.8

 30,001 – 50,000

78.2

41.4

72.2

84.1

n.a

n.a

n.a

n.a

71.9

45.0

67.7

76.1

  > 50,000

77.1

42.2

69.4

84.8

n.a

n.a

n.a

n.a

71.1

45.4

66.8

75.4

Exposed to a PA campaign

 Yes

78.7

40.9

76.9

80.5

6.5

30.001 ***

62.7

48.4

60.5

65.0

8.3

37.300 ***

70.3

45.7

68.7

71.9

9.1

57.389 ***

 No

72.2

44.8

70.9

73.6

54.4

49.8

53.0

55.8

61.2

48.7

59.6

62.9

Joined the PA campaign

 Yes

84.8

35.9

81.6

88.1

11.4

29.262 ***

n.a

n.a

n.a

n.a

n.a

n.a

70.9

45.5

67.6

74.1

6.1

10.950 ***

 No

73.4

44.2

72.3

74.6

n.a

n.a

n.a

n.a

64.8

47.8

63.5

66.1

Have access to PA facilities

Yes

72.3

44.7

70.7

74.0

-3.6

10.447 ***

n.a

n.a

n.a

n.a

n.a

n.a

67.8

46.7

66.4

69.1

8.8

41.360 ***

 No

75.9

42.8

74.5

77.3

n.a

n.a

n.a

n.a

59.0

49.2

56.6

61.4

  1. Notes: No response was excluded from the analysis. Diff: between-group relative difference. Formal sector employees include (1) civil servants, (2) politicians, (3) officers, (4) factory workers, and (5) retired civil servants. Informal sector employees include (1) freelancers, (2) professional athletes. Sufficient MVPA: an accumulation of 75 min of vigorous PA per week or a 150-min combination of vigorous and moderate PA per week. Abbreviations: MVPA Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, SPA Surveillance on physical activity. ***Significant at p-value < 0.001, **Significant at p-value < 0.01, *Significant at p-value < 0.05
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International Journal for Equity in Health

ISSN: 1475-9276

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