Table 2 Adjusted Prevalence ratio (AdjPR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) of symptoms of depression by sex and citizenship (Italian or PFPM), according to selected demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. PASSI 2014–2018 (n = 144,005)
Italian male population (n = 67,119) | Italian female population (n = 69,395) | PFPM male population (n = 2961) | PFPM female population (n = 4530) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristics | Adj PR (95%CI) | p-value | Adj PR (95%CI) | p-value | Adj PR (95%CI) | p-value | Adj PR (95%CI) | p-value |
Age (yy) | 1.000 (0.994–1.005) | 0.923 | 1.015 (1.011–1.019) | 0.000 | 1.013 (0.992–1.035) | 0.217 | 1.004 (0.991–1.018) | 0.515 |
Educational attainment | ||||||||
Up to primary school | 1.000 | – | 1.000 | – | 1.000 | – | 1.000 | – |
Lower secondary school | 1.023 (0.868–1.205) | 0.789 | 0.762 (0.670–0.867) | 0.000 | 1.480 (0.717–3.052) | 0.289 | 0.822 (0.479–1.410) | 0.476 |
Higher secondary school | 0.879 (0.737–1.048) | 0.150 | 0.636 (0.555–0.729) | 0.000 | 2.948 (1.490–5.830) | 0.002 | 1.122 (0.662–1.904) | 0.668 |
Tertiary education | 0.933 (0.749–1.162) | 0.536 | 0.649 (0.548–0.769) | 0.000 | 2.401 (0.959–6.011) | 0.062 | 1.199 (0.658–2.185) | 0.554 |
Perceived economic difficulties | ||||||||
None | 1.000 | – | 1.000 | – | 1.000 | – | 1.000 | – |
Some | 1.769 (1.556–2.011) | 0.000 | 1.629 (1.488–1.783) | 0.000 | 1988 (0.878–4.501) | 0.099 | 1.374 (0.946–1.997) | 0.095 |
Many | 5.036 (4.390–5.777) | 0.000 | 3.196 (2.874–3.554) | 0.000 | 6.332 (2.8884–13.903) | 0.000 | 2.256 (1.486–3.425) | 0.000 |
Living alone | ||||||||
No | 1.000 | – | 1.000 | – | 1.000 | – | 1.000 | – |
Yes | 1.501 (1.322–1.704) | 0.000 | 1.209 (1.084–1.350) | 0.001 | 2.619 (1.504–4.560) | 0.001 | 0.923 (0.578–1.475) | 0.738 |
Employment | ||||||||
Employed | 1.000 | – | 1.000 | – | 1.000 | – | 1.000 | – |
Searching for work | 1.577 (1.368–1.818) | 0.000 | 1.239 (1.090–1.409) | 0.001 | 2.472 (1.500–4.079) | 0.000 | 1.171 (0.791–1.734) | 0.431 |
Inactive | 2.114 (1.835–2.435) | 0.000 | 1.082 (0.989–1.184) | 0.085 | 3.260 (1.478–7.191) | 0.003 | 1.000 (0.727–1.376) | 0.999 |
Geographic area of residence | ||||||||
North | 1.000 | – | 1.000 | – | 1.000 | – | 1.000 | – |
Centre | 0.774 (0.688–0.870) | 0.000 | 0.770 (0.709–0.837) | 0.000 | 0.963 (0.599–1.547) | 0.876 | 0.723 (0.531–0.985) | 0.040 |
South and Islands | 0.722 (0.646–0.808) | 0.000 | 0.714 (0.654–0.779) | 0.000 | 0.690 (0.324–1.470) | 0.336 | 0.361 (0.206–0.632) | 0.000 |
Length of stay in Italy | ||||||||
0–4 years | – | – | – | – | 1.000 | – | 1.000 | – |
5–9 years | – | – | – | – | 0.952 (0.327–2.770) | 0.928 | 2.047 (0.994–4.217) | 0.052 |
10 years and over | – | – | – | – | 1.442 (0.556–3.738) | 0.451 | 2.768 (1.411–5.429) | 0.003 |