Table 1 Participant sociodemographic and background characteristics (N = 46)

Age (range 23 – 62 years)

48.9 (8.74)

Sex assigned at birth

 Female

21.7

 Male

78.3

 Sexual and/or gender minority status

32.6

 Transgender gender identity, gender fluid, gender non-conforming

4.3

 African American or Black (non-Latino/Hispanic)

76.1

 Latino or Hispanic

21.7

 Stable housing (has their own home or apartment, including funded by government programs or benefits)

47.8

 Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACES-R) score (range 0–14)

3.56 (3.33)

Indications of low socioeconomic status and extreme poverty

 Working full-time or part-time off-the-books or on-the-books

17.4

 Ran out of funds for necessities monthly or more in the past year

45.7

 Food insecurity often or sometimes in past year

84.8

 Engaged in transactional sex – past year

17.4

HIV-related factors

 Years since HIV diagnosis at enrollment (range 3.0—30.0 years)

18.6 (7.18)

 Median [Q1, Q3]

18.5 [13.3, 24.0]

 Took HIV medication in the past

100

 Times stopped/started HIV medication in the past (range 0—100 times)

10.6 (17.8)

 Longest duration of sustained HIV medication, in months (range 0–264 months)

45.0 (62.7)

Psychosocial risk and protective factors

 Alcohol use at a moderate-to-high-risk level

54.3

 Cannabis use at a moderate-to-high-risk level

60.9

 Cocaine or crack use at a moderate-to-high-risk level

63.0

 Use of other drugs (not including alcohol, cannabis, cocaine/crack) at a moderate-to-high-risk level

28.3

 Never injected drugs

87.0

 Injection drug use lifetime, but not in the past 3 months

6.5

 Injection drug use – past 3 months

6.5

 Participated in substance use treatment in the past

78.3

 Likely depression

21.7

 Likely anxiety

10.9

 Likely PTSD

34.8

HIV viral load

 HIV viral load level at enrollment (log₁₀ transformed)

4.28 (0.970)

 Suppressed HIV viral load at 8- and/or 12- month follow-up assessment

40.0