Table 2 Adjusted associations between indicators of the socioeconomic status and visits to specific health care providers: Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the likelihood to visit specific providers and coefficients (coeff) and 95% CI for the total number of providers visited during the past 12 months by indicators of the socioeconomic status

Highest education

 Compulsory

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Higher secondary

1.09 (0.67–1.77)

1.22 (0.87–1.72)

1.61 (1.14–2.27)

1.20 (0.85–1.70)

2.12 (1.51–2.97)

1.27 (0.89–1.80)

1.25 (0.79–1.98)

1.58 (0.66–3.76)

1.06 (0.71–1.59)

1.41 (0.90–2.20)

1.40 (0.99–1.99)

1.44 (0.86–2.42)

0.99 (0.54–1.81)

0.64 (0.32–0.97)

 Short tertiary

1.63 (0.89–2.99)

1.43 (0.96–2.15)

2.07 (1.37–3.13)

1.61 (1.07–2.43)

2.89 (1.93–4.32)

1.18 (0.78–1.77)

1.11 (0.64–1.92)

2.92 (1.15–7.40)

1.05 (0.64–1.73)

2.25 (1.36–3.72)

1.43 (0.94–2.18)

1.95 (1.08–3.51)

1.20 (0.59–2.45)

1.07 (0.68–1.46)

 Tertiary

0.78 (0.46–1.31)

1.77 (1.19–2.61)

2.31 (1.54–3.45)

1.65 (1.10–1.47)

3.23 (2.19–4.78)

1.32 (0.88–1.97)

0.99 (0.57–1.70)

2.04 (0.79–5.27)

0.93 (0.57–1.50)

1.40 (0.85–2.33)

2.01 (1.36–2.99)

1.72 (0.98–3.04)

1.25 (0.64–2.44)

1.04 (0.66–1.41)

 p-value

0.264

0.012

 < 0.001

0.045

 < 0.001

0.329

0.444

0.324

0.798

0.295

0.002

0.168

0.682

 < 0.001

Household income

 Income deciles (1–10)

0.97 (0.91–1.03)

1.05 (0.99–1.10)

1.03 (0.98–1.09)

1.05 (1.00–1.10)

1.14 (1.08–1.19)

1.00 (0.95–1.05)

1.00 (0.93–1.07)

1.02 (0.92–1.14)

0.99 (0.93–1.05)

1.04 (0.98–1.10)

1.03 (0.98–1.08)

1.07 (1.00–1.14)

1.00 (0.92–1.09)

0.05 (0.00–0.10)

 p-value

0.301

0.086

0.186

0.033

 < 0.001

0.914

0.910

0.647

0.759

0.208

0.285

0.049

0.933

0.033

Financial hardship

 Massive

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Some

1.88 (0.93–3.80)

1.19 (0.70–2.02)

0.77 (0.45–1.33)

1.14 (0.68–1.91)

1.66 (0.98–2.81)

1.50 (0.87–2.58)

1.66 (0.85–3.21)

1.05 (0.32–3.52)

1.57 (0.82–3.00)

0.87 (0.48–1.58)

0.92 (0.54–1.55)

1.05 (0.48–2.29)

0.54 (0.25–1.16)

0.34 (-0.19–0.86)

 None

1.93 (1.03–3.60)

1.19 (0.74–1.91)

0.80 (0.49–1.31)

1.55 (0.97–2.49)

2.39 (1.48–3.84)

1.55 (0.95–2.52)

1.10 (0.59–2.02)

1.15 (0.39–3.42)

1.26 (0.69–2.30)

0.73 (0.43–1.25)

1.04 (0.65–1.67)

1.41 (0.70–2.84)

0.66 (0.34–1.26)

0.48 (0.01–0.95)

 p-value

0.112

0.766

0.626

0.051

 < 0.001

0.214

0.104

0.946

0.336

0.412

0.741

0.356

0.280

0.114

Supplementary benefits

 Yes

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 No

0.34 (0.15–0.80)

1.80 (1.15–2.83)

0.88 (0.57–1.37)

0.98 (0.63–1.52)

1.68 (1.09–2.57)

1.12 (0.72–1.76)

1.13 (0.64–1.98)

2.04 (0.62–6.76)

0.57 (0.35–0.92)

1.18 (0.69–2.03)

1.00 (0.65–1.54)

1.87 (0.93–3.75)

0.74 (0.39–1.39)

0.16 (-0.26–0.58)

 p-value

0.014

0.011

0.572

0.937

0.018

0.616

0.682

0.243

0.022

0.549

0.991

0.079

0.346

0.455

Subjective social status

 Range 1–10

0.97 (0.89–1.06)

1.09 (1.02–1.17)

1.02 (0.96–1.09)

1.14 (1.06–1.21)

1.20 (1.12–1.28)

1.00 (0.94–1.08)

0.93 (0.86–1.02)

1.18 (1.02–1.36)

0.99 (0.91–1.07)

1.08 (1.00–1.17)

1.08 (1.01–1.16)

1.09 (1.00–1.20)

0.98 (0.87–1.10)

0.13 (0.07–0.19)

 p-value

0.555

0.007

0.531

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.844

0.108

0.022

0.728

0.051

0.017

0.061

0.729

 < 0.001