Table 3 Results of multivariable panel regression models

Urban

  Intercept^a

4.49 (4.47-4.52)

60.0 (59.9-60.2)

0.103 (0.101-0.105)

0.161 (0.159-0.164)

1.97 (1.95-1.98)

  Time (average annual change)

0.989 (0.989-0.990)

-0.24 (-0.25- -0.23)

1.014 (1.013-1.015)

0.987 (0.986-0.988)

1.01 (1.01-1.011)

Neighborhood Income quintile (reference is highest)

  1 (lowest)

1.11 (1.10-1.12)

1.61 (1.45-1.77)

1.14 (1.12-1.17)

1.08 (1.07-1.09)

1.07 (1.06-1.08)

  2

1.08 (1.07-1.09)

1.16 (1.01-1.32)

1.06 (1.05-1.08)

1.07 (1.06-1.08)

1.04 (1.04-1.05)

  3

1.06 (1.05-1.07)

0.54 (0.38-0.70)

1.05 (1.04-1.07)

1.06 (1.05-1.08)

1.02 (1.02-1.03)

  4

1.03 (1.03-1.04)

-0.01 (-0.17-0.15)

1.02 (1.01-1.03)

1.03 (1.02-1.04)

1.01 (1.00-1.01)

Relative change in service use from 1999/2000 to 2017/8 (reference is highest income quintile)

  1

0.881 (0.872-0.890)

-0.92 (-1.18- -0.66)

1.06 (1.03-1.09)

0.711 (0.696-0.726)

0.924 (0.916-0.933)

  2

0.924 (0.915-0.933)

0.10 (-0.16-0.36)

1.05 (1.03-1.07)

0.772 (0.756-0.788)

0.955 (0.946-0.963)

  3

0.938 (0.929-0.947)

0.38 (0.12-0.64)

1.02 (1.00-1.04)

0.820 (0.803-0.838)

0.972 (0.963-0.981)

  4

0.960 (0.951-0.969)

0.57 (0.30-0.83)

1.01 (0.98-1.03)

0.889 (0.871-0.908)

0.992 (0.983-1.001)

Rural/remote

  Intercept^a

4.65 (4.62-4.68)

62.2 (62.0-62.3)

0.173 (0.171-0.176)

0.111 (0.110-0.113)

2.12 (2.11-2.13)

  Time (average annual change)

0.988 (0.988-0.989)

-0.22 (-0.23- -0.21)

1.016 (1.016-1.017)

0.992 (0.991-0.992)

1.009 (1.009-1.010)

Income quintile (reference is highest)

  1 (lowest)

0.998 (0.992-1.003)

1.19 (1.04-1.34)

0.997 (0.986-1.009)

1.07 (1.06-1.09)

1.009 (1.004-1.014)

  2

0.983 (0.978-0.988)

-0.05 (-0.20-0.10)

0.978 (0.967-0.989)

1.11 (1.10-1.13)

0.988 (0.984-0.993)

  3

0.991 (0.985-0.996)

-0.69 (-0.84- -0.54)

0.977 (0.967-0.988)

1.10 (1.09-1.11)

0.990 (0.985-0.994)

  4

0.987 (0.982-0.992)

-0.47 (-0.62- -0.33)

0.977 (0.966-0.987)

1.04 (1.03-1.05)

0.991 (0.986-0.995)

Relative change in service use from 1999/2000 to 2017/8 (reference is highest income quintile)

  1

0.998 (0.989-1.008)

-1.86 (-2.12- -1.60)

1.09 (1.07-1.11)

0.981 (0.960-1.003)

0.991 (0.983-0.999)

  2

1.02 (1.01-1.03)

-0.31 (-0.56- -0.05)

1.06 (1.04-1.08)

0.915 (0.896-0.935)

1.02 (1.01-1.03)

  3

1.02 (1.01-1.03)

1.20 (0.95-1.45)

1.05 (1.03-1.06)

0.905 (0.886-0.924)

1.01 (1.01-1.02)

  4

1.02 (1.01-1.03)

0.13 (-0.12-0.37)

1.04 (1.03-1.06)

0.994 (0.973-1.015)

1.02 (1.01-1.03)