Table 4 All studies used in literature review with summary characteristics. Please see the GitHub repository for all data. Year* denotes year of publication, Author* denotes first author surname
From: Vaccine equity in low and middle income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Year* | Author* | Study type | Vaccine | Country | Min age | Max age | Grade | Year of data |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2012 | Abebe | cross-sectional | 1974 EPI vaccines: BCG, polio, measles, DTP | MALAWI | 0 | 5 | A | 2007 |
2019 | Adebowale | cross-sectional | 1974 EPI vaccines: BCG, polio, measles, DTP | NIGERIA | 1 | 2 | D | 2013 |
2017 | Ambel | cross-sectional | 1974 EPI vaccines: BCG, polio, measles, DTP | ETHIOPIA | 1 | 2 | A | 2000 - 2014 |
2020 | Ameyaw | Cross-sectional | 1974 EPI vaccines: BCG, polio, measles, DTP | VARIOUS | 1 | 2 | A | 2010 - 2018 |
2017 | Andrade | cross sectional-ecological study, household survey | Tetanus | BRAZIL | 0 | 5.0 | A | 2012 |
2010 | Antai | cross-sectional | 1974 EPI vaccines: BCG, polio, measles, DTP | NIGERIA | 1 | 1 | A | 2003 |
2013 | Arokiasamy | secondary data analysis | 1974 EPI vaccines: BCG, polio, measles, DTP | INDIA | 1 | 1.92 | A | 2005 - 2006 |
2017 | Arsenault | random-effects meta-analyses using DHS data | DTP & MCV | VARIOUS | 1 | 2 | B | 2005 - 2014 |
2017 | Arsenault | random-effects meta-regression analyses using DHS data | DTP & MCV | VARIOUS | 1 | 2 | B | 2005 - 2014 |
2019 | Asif | Multilevel logistic regression on individual and community level data using DHS data | 1974 EPI vaccines: BCG, polio, measles, DTP | PAKISTAN | 1 | 5 | B | 2012 - 2013 |
2016 | Ataguba | secondary questionnaire household data | 1974 EPI vaccines + Hep B + Hib + YF | NIGERIA | 1 | 5 | B | 2006 |
2008 | Boerma | secondary DHS data | DTP, MCV, & BCG | VARIOUS | 1 | 2 | B | 1990 - 2006 |
2003 | Bonu | cross-sectional surveys based on systematic,stratified samples of households | 1974 EPI vaccines: BCG, polio, measles, DTP | INDIA | 1 | 3 | B | 1992 - 1999 |
2004 | Bonu | cross-sectional DHS household survey | 1974 EPI vaccines: BCG, polio, measles, DTP | VARIOUS | 1 | 2 | B | NA |
2012 | Bosch-Caplanch | secondary DHS and MICS data | 1974 EPI vaccines: BCG, polio, measles, DTP | VARIOUS | 1 | 5 | B | 1986 - 2007 |
2018 | Boulton | secondary DHS data | 1974 EPI vaccines + Hep B + Hib (aka penta for some studies) | BANGLADESH | 1 | 2 | A | 2014 |
2014 | Castelo Branco | cross-sectional | 1974 EPI vaccines + Hep B + Hib + YF + MR (mumps/Rubella) | BRAZIL | 1 | 4.92 | A | 2010 |
2021 | Cata-Preta | secondary data from DHS and MICS | 1974 EPI vaccines: BCG, polio, measles, DTP | VARIOUS | 1 | 2.42 | A | 2010 - 2019 |
2019 | Chakrabarti | secondary r supplementary immunization activities data | 1974 EPI Vaccines + Hep B (HBV) | VARIOUS | 1 | 5 | C | 1996 - 2013 |
2003 | Chowdhury | secondary data | 1974 EPI vaccines: BCG, polio, measles, DTP | BANGLADESH | 1 | 2 | B | 1993 - 1994, 1996 - 1997, 1999 - 2000 |
2014 | Clouston | secondary DHS data | 1974 EPI vaccines + Hep B + Hib (aka penta for some studies) | MADAGASCAR | 0 | 4 | B | 2008 - 2009 |
2013 | Cui | national stratified, validation, cross-sectional survey | Hep B | CHINA | 0 | 1.0 | B | 2002 - 2009 |
2016 | Devasenapathy | cross sectional, household survey | 1974 EPI Vaccines + Hep B (HBV) | INDIA | 1 | 3.5 | A | 2014 |
2016 | Devkota | Pooled cross-sectional series | 1974 EPI Vaccines + Hep B (HBV) | NEPAL | 0 | 5 | B | 2003 - 2011 |
2015 | Egondi | Cross-Sectional Slum Survey of 2012 | 1974 EPI vaccines + Hep B + Hib (aka penta for some studies) | KENYA | 1 | 1.92 | B | 2012 |
2011 | Fernandez | Secondary census data | Measles | INDONESIA | 0 | 5 | B | 2007 |
2007 | Fotso | secondary data analysis | 1974 EPI vaccines: BCG, polio, measles, DTP | VARIOUS | 1 | 2 | C | 1990 - 2006 |
2020 | Gao | secondary DHS and MICS data | Measles | VARIOUS | 1 | 2 | A | 2014 - 2017 |
2006 | Gaudin | secondary data analysis | 1974 EPI vaccines: BCG, polio, measles, DTP | INDIA | 1 | 5.0 | A | 1992 - 1999 |
2020 | Geweniger | Secondary data analysis | 1974 EPI vaccines + Hep B + Hib + PCV + Rota | ETHIOPIA | 1 | 1.92 | A | 2016 |
2020 | Goli | secondary data analysis | 1974 EPI vaccines: BCG, polio, measles, DTP | INDIA | 1 | 2 | C | 2015 - 2016 |
2013 | Goli | secondary data analysis | Missing/Not given | INDIA | 1 | 1.92 | A | 2005 - 2006 |
2012 | Goodson | Nationwide cross-sectional survey | Measles | MADAGASCAR | 0.75 | 4.92 | B | 2007 |
2005 | Grabowsky | single population-based survey | Measles | ZAMBIA | 0.5 | 4.92 | B | 2003 |
2014 | Gram | Secondary data analysis | 1974 EPI vaccines + Hep B + Hib + YF | GHANA | 0 | 1.0 | B | 2011 |
2014 | Grundy | secondary data analysis | DTP | VARIOUS | NA | NA | A | NA |
2008 | Gupta | sample survey of households | 1974 EPI vaccines + Hep B + Hib + MR | INDIA | 0 | 5 | B | 2006 |
2018 | Hajizadeh | Secondary data analysis | BCG, polio, DTP, measles | VARIOUS | 0.83 | 4.92 | A | 2010 - 2015 |
2019 | Hajizadeh | Secondary dataanalysis | 1974 EPI vaccines: BCG, polio, measles, DTP | GAMBIA, KYRGYZREPUBLIC, NAMIBIA | 0 | 4.92 | A | 2012, 2013 |
2018 | Hanifi | Secondary dataanalysis | 1974 EPI vaccines + Hep B + Hib (aka penta for some studies) | BANGLADESH | 1 | 1.92 | A | 2012 - 2016 |
2014 | Helleringer | secondary data analysis | Polio | VARIOUS | 1 | 2 | A | NA |
2017 | Herliana | Cross-sectional | 1974 EPI Vaccines + Hep B (HBV) | INDONESIA | 1 | 5 | B | 2012 |
2009 | Hong | secondary data analysis | DTP | CAMBODIA | 0 | 1.0 | A | 2000 - 2005 |
2016 | Hosseinpoor | secondary data analysis | DTP | VARIOUS | 1 | 1.92 | C | 2000 - 2013 |
2003 | Houweling | secondary data analysis | Measles | VARIOUS | 1 | 1.92 | A | 1991 - 1998 |
2018 | Hu | secondary data analysis | 1974 EPI vaccines + Hep B + JE | CHINA | 2 | 3 | A | 2014, 2017 |
2019 | Hu | secondary data analysis | 1974 EPI vaccines + Hep B + MR | CHINA | 2 | 3 | A | 2016 |
2017 | Hu | secondary data analysis | 1974 EPI vaccines + Hep B + JE | CHINA | 2 | 2.92 | A | 2014 |
2018 | Imran | Secondary data analysis | Polio | PAKISTAN | 1 | 1.92 | A | 1990 - 1991 |
2020 | Joseph | secondary data analysis | 1974 EPI Vaccines + PCV | KENYA | 1 | 1.92 | A | 2014 |
2017 | Joshi | multiple indicator cluster surveys | 1974 EPI vaccines + Hep B + Hib + MR | MONGOLIA | 0 | 5.0 | A | 2000, 2005, 2010 |
2021 | Kannankeril | Secondary data analysis | BCG, polio, DTP, measles | INDIA | 1 | 1.92 | A | 2015 - 2016 |
2017 | Kasuma | cluster randomised trial | 1974 EPI Vaccines + Hep B (HBV) | INDONESIA | 1 | 1.92 | A | 2007 - 2009 |
2016 | KC | Secondary data analysis | BCG, polio, DTP, measles | NEPAL | 0 | 1.0 | A | 2001 - 2014 |
2011 | Khan | secondary data analysis | DTP, MCV, & BCG | BANGLADESH | 0 | 5.0 | A | 1993 - 2007 |
2011 | Khowaja | secondary data analysis | 1974 EPI Vaccines + Hep B (HBV) | PAKISTAN | 1 | 1.92 | A | 2008 |
2016 | Kumar | secondary data analysis | 1974 EPI vaccines: BCG, polio, measles, DTP | INDIA | 1 | 1.92 | A | 1990 - 2006 |
2013 | Kumar | secondary data analysis | DTP, MCV, & BCG | INDIA | 1 | 1.92 | B | NA |
2015 | Lanaspa | secondary data analysis | 1974 EPI vaccines + Hep B + Hib (aka penta for some studies) | MOZAMBIQUE | 0 | 5 | A | 2012 |
2020 | LBDVCC | secondary data analysis and modelling | Measles | VARIOUS | 0 | 5.0 | A | 2000 - 2019 |
2016 | Li | cross-sectional survey? | Influenza | CHINA | 60 | 100.0 | A | 2013 |
2010 | Limwattananon | secondary data analysis | 1974 EPI vaccines + Hep B + MR | THAILAND | 1 | 2 | A | 2005 - 2006 |
2016 | Lv | Cross-sectional surveys | Influenza | CHINA | 60 | NA | A | 2012 |
2015 | Martins | Cross-sectional surveys | Hep B | BRAZIL | 18 | 100.0 | A | 2012 - 2013 |
2007 | Mashal | secondary data analysis | 1974 EPI vaccines: BCG, polio, measles, DTP | AFGHANISTAN | 0 | 1 | D | 2000 - 2003 |
1997 | Matthews | Secondary data analysis | 1974 EPI vaccines: BCG, polio, measles, DTP | GHANA | 0 | 5.0 | C | 1988 |
2006 | Mfenyana | Cross-sectional surveys | Missing/Not given | SOUTH AFRICA | 0 | 5 | B | 1999 |
2007 | Minh Thang | Secondary data analysis | 1974 EPI vaccines: BCG, polio, measles, DTP | VIETNAM | 0.917 | 1.92 | D | 2002 |
2020 | Mishra | secondary data analysis | 1974 EPI Vaccines + Hep B (HBV) | INDIA | 1 | 5.0 | B | NA |
2009 | Mohanty | secondary data analysis | 1974 EPI vaccines: BCG, polio, measles, DTP | INDIA | 1 | 1.92 | B | 1992 - 2006 |
2021 | Muche Fenta | secondary data analysis | 1974 EPI vaccines: BCG, polio, measles, DTP | VARIOUS | 1 | 1.92 | A | 2013 - 2017 |
2020 | Nda’chi Deffo | secondary DHS data | 1974 EPI vaccines: BCG, polio, measles, DTP | CAMEROON | 0.83 | 5 | A | 1991 - 2011 |
2021 | Ndwandwe | Secondary data analysis | 1974 EPI vaccines: BCG, polio, measles, DTP | SOUTH AFRICA | 1 | 1.92 | B | 2016 |
2011 | Nkonki | secondary data analysis | DTP, BCG, OPV | SOUTH AFRICA | 0 | 0.461 | A | NA |
2019 | Nozaki | Secondary data analysis | DTP, MCV, & BCG | MYANMAR | 1 | 1.92 | A | 2015 |
2017 | Ntenda | secondary data analysis | 1974 EPI vaccines: BCG, polio, measles, DTP | MALAWI | 1 | 1.92 | A | 2004, 2010 |
2017 | Oryema | cluster survey | 1974 EPI vaccines + Hep B + Hib (aka penta for some studies) | UGANDA | 0 | 5.0 | A | 2013 |
2003 | Pande | secondary data analysis | 1974 EPI vaccines: BCG, polio, measles, DTP | INDIA | 1 | 5.0 | B | 1992 - 1993 |
2020 | Portnoy | secondary data analysis | Measles | VARIOUS | 0 | 5.0 | A | NA |
2018 | Portnoy | secondary data analysis | Measles | VARIOUS | 0 | 5.0 | A | NA |
2013 | Prakash | secondary data analysis | 1974 EPI vaccines: BCG, polio, measles, DTP | INDIA | 0 | 5.0 | A | 2005 - 2006 |
2014 | Prusty | DHS but broken down by gender coverage ratio | 1974 EPI vaccines: BCG, polio, measles, DTP | INDIA | 1 | 1.92 | A | 1992 - 2006 |
2015 | Rammohan | secondary data analysis | DTP & MCV | INDIA | 1 | 5 | A | 2008 |
2018 | Raza | DHS | 1974 EPI vaccines + Hep B + Hib (aka penta for some studies) | PAKISTAN | NA | NA | A | 2012 - 2013 |
2016 | Restrepo-Méndez | secondary data analysis | 1974 EPI vaccines: BCG, polio, measles, DTP | VARIOUS | 0 | 18.0 | A | 2001 - 2012 |
2016 | Restrepo-Méndez | secondary data analysis | 1974 EPI vaccines: BCG, polio, measles, DTP | VARIOUS | 1 | 2.0 | A | 2000 - 2013 |
2017 | Sanoussi | secondary data analysis | Missing/Not given | TOGO | 0 | 5 | A | 1998 - 2013 |
2010 | Semali | secondary data analysis | 1974 EPI vaccines: BCG, polio, measles, DTP | TANZANIA | 1 | 1.92 | C | 1990, 1996, 2004 |
2020 | Shibre | secondary data analysis | Measles | ETHIOPIA | 1 | 1.92 | A | 2000, 2005, 2011, 2016 |
2014 | Sissoko | Secondary data analysis | 1974 EPI vaccines: BCG, polio, measles, DTP | INDIA | 1 | 1.92 | A | 2007 - 2008 |
2013 | Soeung | Secondary data analysis | DTP & MCV | CAMBODIA | NA | NA | C | 2000 - 2010 |
2020 | Song | Secondary data analysis | 1974 EPI vaccines: BCG, polio, measles, DTP | NEPAL | 1 | 1.92 | A | 2016 |
2015 | Soura | Secondary data analysis | 1974 EPI vaccines: BCG, polio, measles, DTP | VARIOUS | 1 | 5 | C | 2010 - 2015 |
2019 | Sowe | Secondary data analysis | 1974 EPI vaccines: BCG, polio, measles, DTP | GAMBIA | 1 | 1.92 | A | 2013 |
2020 | Srivastava | secondary data analysis | 1974 EPI Vaccines + Hep B (HBV) | INDIA | 1 | 5.0 | A | 2015 - 2016 |
2015 | Tsawe | secondary data analysis | Missing/Not given | Eswatini | 0 | 18.0 | A | 2006 - 2007 |
2016 | Uddin | multiple surveys | DTP, Hep B, Hib, MR (measles/Rubella), BCG | BANGLADESH | 1 | 1.92 | A | 2013 - 2014 |
2017 | Uthman | secondary data analysis | Polio | NIGERIA | 1 | 1.92 | A | 2013 |
2017 | Uzochukwu | Cross-sectional with cluster sampling design | 1974 EPI Vaccines + Hep B (HBV) | NIGERIA | 0.75 | 5 | B | 2016 |
2017 | van den Ent | Cross-sectional surveys | DTP | MADAGASCAR | NA | NA | C | 2013 - 2015 |
2013 | Van Malderen | Secondary dataanalysis | Measles | KENYA | 1 | 1.92 | B | 2008 - 2009 |
2012 | Victora | secondary data analysis | Measles | VARIOUS | NA | NA | A | NA |
2021 | Wahl | secondary data analysis | 1974 EPI vaccines: BCG, polio, measles, DTP | INDIA | 1 | 2 | A | 2005 - 2016 |
2019 | Wariri | secondary data analysis | DTP & BCG | VARIOUS | 1 | 1.92 | A | NA |
2019 | Wuneh | secondary data analysis | 1974 EPI vaccines: BCG, polio, measles, DTP | ETHIOPIA | 0.5 | 1.92 | A | 2016 - 2017 |
2017 | Xeuatvongsa | nationwide population-based cross-sectionalstudy that used data obtained through multistage cluster sampling | 1974 EPI vaccines: BCG, polio, measles, DTP | LAOS | 1 | 2.92 | A | 2014 |
2005 | Xie | secondary dataanalysis | 1974 EPI Vaccines + Hep B (HBV) | CHINA | 0 | 7 | A | 1991 - 1997 |
2019 | Yang | secondary data analysis | Hep B | CHINA | 16 | 45+ | A | 2008 - 2009 |