Table 1 Domains of health care gentrification, potential measures and data sources

Health care utilization

Patient visits to health care facilities, receipt of screening services for chronic disease, vaccination rates, types of services and facilities used

Surveillance or survey data from city, state or national agencies; survey data; qualitative data from neighborhood residents

Health care access

Provider supply/population, location, types of insurance accepted, wait lists and wait times, cultural competency

Census and survey data, city and state health department surveillance data, Qualitative data from neighborhood residents

Neighborhood gentrification

Gentrification index; perceived gentrification measures; local knowledge and experiences

Census and survey data; qualitative data from neighborhood residents

Health care system

Health systems acquisitions, mergers and closures; staff layoffs/restructuring; opening of new facilities, practices and types of services

Media coverage; closure plans; local government hearings; qualitative research with health care system administrators and workers

Policy

Regulation of medical licensing, facilities and training; scope of practice laws

Federal, state and local laws and regulations; federal register; policy documents; government hearings; media coverage