The true costs of cesarean delivery for patients in rural Rwanda: Accounting for post-discharge expenses in estimated health expenditures

Table 3 Multivariate analysis of pre- cesarean section characteristics independently associated with CHE at POD30 (N = 428)

	Full Model			Reduced Model
	OR	95% CI	p -value	OR	95% CI	p -value
Level of education
Less than completed primary school	2.46	(0.61, 9.31)	0.18	3.09	(0.92,10.35)	0.06
Completed primary school	1.88	(0.78, 4.50)	0.03	2.35	(1.19, 4.66)	0.01
Secondary school or more	ref			ref
Occupation
Farmer	2.13	(0.82, 5.54)	0.12	2.25	(1.00, 3.03)	0.04
Unemployed	0.56	(0.12, 2.66)	0.47	0.59	(0.17,2.07)	0.41
Employed	ref			ref
*Ubudehe categories**
I (poorest)	3.51	(0.73, 16.97)	0.12
II (poor)	1.39	(0.72, 2.69)	0.33
III &IV (wealthy)	ref
Insurance Type
Community Based Health Insurance or Mutuelle	4.29	(0.73, 16.97)	0.06	3.40	(1.21, 9.60)	0.02
Private	ref			ref
Parity
Primiparous (1)	ref
Multiparous (2–5)	1.20	(0.59, 2.46)	0.61
Grand-multiparous (> 5)	0.48	(0.15, 1.58)	0.23
Mode of transport (health center to hospital)
Ambulance	ref
Walked	1.03	(0.50, 2.13)	0.93
Travel time, from home to health center	1.00	(0.99, 1.00)	0.31
Household size	0.79	(0.65, 0.96)	0.02	0.78	(0.66, 0.91)	< 0.01

^*4-tier wealth system, the bottom tier represents the least privileged and the upper tier is for the financially better off