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Table 2 Age-standardized prevalence (in %) of raised risk physiological CVD biomarkers* by education** and household financial constraints in the Know Your Heart Study

From: Socioeconomic inequalities in physiological risk biomarkers and the role of lifestyles among Russians aged 35-69 years

  

Men

  

Low SEP

High SEP

p-value

Education

SBP

38.1 (35.0-41.2)

31.9 (28.4-35.3)

0.018

DBP

35.3 (32.2-38.4)

28.8 (25.4-32.3)

0.013

HDL

43.1 (39.8-46.3)

45.0 (41.4-48.7)

0.081

LDL

19.2 (16.6-21.7)

16.7 (13.9-19.5)

0.527

TCHOL

21.9 (19.3-24.5)

21.6 (18.6-24.6)

0.994

Triglycerides

19.5 (16.9-22.1)

18.7 (15.8-22.5)

0.803

HbA1C

4.9 (3.7-6.2)

3.9 (2.6-5.1)

0.483

CRP

30.0 (27.0-32.9)

24.5 (21.3-27.6)

0.020

Financial constraints

SBP

37.1 (34.1-40.0)

34.5 (30.7-38.2)

0.433

DBP

32.3 (29.5-37.1)

33.3 (29.5-37.1)

0.754

HDL

44.0 (40.9-47.1)

44.7 (40.7-48.7)

0.340

LDL

18.8 (16.4-21.3)

17.5 (14.4-20.6)

0.676

TCHOL

22.1 (19.5-24.6)

21.4 (18.2-24.6)

0.953

Triglycerides

21.2 (18.6-23.8)

15.5 (12.6-18.3)

0.015

HbA1C

4.8 (3.6-6.0)

3.8 (2.4-5.2)

0.223

CRP

30.5 (27.7-33.3)

23.4 (20.0-26.8)

< 0.001

  

Women

  

Low SEP

High SEP

p-value

Education

SBP

22.9 (20.8-25.0)

18.7 (16.3-21.0)

0.004

DBP

19.8 (17.6-22.0)

14.6 (12.4-16.9)

< 0.001

HDL

41.0 (38.4-43.5)

42.6 (39.7-45.4)

0.020

LDL

5.7 (4.4-6.9)

3.6 (2.4-4.7)

0.555

TCHOL

23.5 (21.4-25.6)

27.6 (25.0-30.2)

0.021

Triglycerides

13.3 (11.5-15.1)

11.4 (9.4-13.3)

0.214

HbA1C

4.5 (3.5-5.5)

3.9 (2.8-5.1)

0.592

CRP

33.9 (31.2-36.5)

25.6 (22.9-28.2)

< 0.001

Financial constraints

SBP

21.2 (19.4-23.0)

19.1 (16.2-22.0)

0.201

DBP

17.7 (15.9-19.6)

16.6 (13.8-19.5)

0.448

HDL

41.9 (39.6-44.2)

41.6 (38.2-45.1)

0.198

LDL

5.0 (4.0-6.1)

3.7 (2.3-5.1)

0.981

TCHOL

25.3 (23.4-27.3)

25.1 (22.0-28.2)

0.948

Triglycerides

12.7 (11.2-14.3)

12.2 (9.8-14.6)

0.922

HbA1C

4.3 (3.4-5.2)

3.9 (2.6-5.3)

0.930

CRP

31.2 (29.0-33.4)

28.0 (24.6-31.4)

0.098

  1. * SBP stands for systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg, DBP for diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg, HDL for high density lipoprotein < 1.036 mmol/L, LDL for low density lipoprotein ≥3.8 mmol/L, TCHOL for total cholesterol in blood ≥6.216 mmol/L, HbA1C for glycated haemoglobin > 6.5%, and CRP for C-reactive protein > 3 mg/L
  2. ** Education was categorized in: high SEP (higher or incomplete higher education), and lower SEP (secondary or lower education); and financial constraints were categorized in: unconstained or high SEP (self-perceived not to have any financial constraint or only constrained to by large domestic appliances), and constrained or low SEP (constrained in buying food or clothes)
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International Journal for Equity in Health

ISSN: 1475-9276

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